In international negotiations, it refers to a declaration of intent to present the minimum that one country wishes to obtain or the maximum that one country can concede as final, and if the other country does not accept it, the other country's demands will be rejected and the negotiations will be halted. Generally, it is a diplomatic document that attempts to force the other country to make concessions by threatening to resort to coercive measures or war if the other country does not accept it. The 1907 "Convention on the Declaration of War" recognized the form of "an ultimatum containing a conditional declaration of war" as a condition for the start of hostilities, in addition to a declaration of war. However, this ultimatum can now be considered to be a "threat of force" prohibited by the UN Charter, and is therefore considered to have lost its legal meaning. [Hisakazu Fujita] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
国際交渉において、自国が得たい最小限の、または譲歩しうる最大限の事項を最終的なものとして提出し、それを相手国が受諾しなければ相手国の要求は拒否され交渉は停止されるという意思の表明をさす。一般的には、相手がそれを受諾しなければ強制措置または戦争に訴えると脅かして相手に譲歩させようとする内容の外交文書である。1907年「開戦ニ関スル条約」は、敵対行為開始の条件として、開戦宣言のほかに「条件附開戦宣言ヲ含ム最後通牒」の形式を認めた。もっとも、この最後通牒は今日、国連憲章の禁止する「武力による威嚇」に該当することもあり、その法的意味をもはや失っているともみられる。 [藤田久一] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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