Shozaburou Watase

Japanese: 渡瀬庄三郎 - わたせしょうざぶろう
Shozaburou Watase

Zoologist. Born in Edo, he studied at the Tokyo English School and the Tokyo University Preparatory School before entering Sapporo Agricultural College in 1880 (Meiji 13). After graduating in 1884, he became a student in the Department of Zoology at the University of Tokyo. In 1886, he studied abroad at Johns Hopkins University, and obtained his doctorate in 1890. He then studied cytology and comparative histology as a lecturer at Clark University and a professor at the University of Chicago. In 1899, he returned to Japan and became a lecturer in the Department of Zoology at Tokyo Imperial University, becoming a professor in 1901, a position he held until 1924 (Taisho 13). In addition to studying bioluminescent animals (fireflies and firefly squid), he also showed an interest in ecology and animal geography, and discovered the Watase Line (the biological distribution boundary between Yakushima, Tanegashima, and Amami Oshima). Furthermore, while working to protect endemic animals as a member of the Historic Sites, Places of Scenic Beauty and Natural Monuments Investigation Committee, he was also active in the field of applied zoology, introducing mongooses to eliminate snakes (1910), transplanting edible frogs (1918), providing guidance on fox farming, and conducting historical research on whaling methods.

[Naohide Isono]

[Reference item] | Watase Line

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

動物学者。江戸に生まれ、東京英語学校、東京大学予備門を経て1880年(明治13)札幌農学校入学、1884年の卒業後は東京大学動物学科撰科(せんか)生となる。1886年、ジョンズ・ホプキンズ大学に留学し、1890年に博士号を取得。以後クラーク大学講師、シカゴ大学教授として細胞学、比較組織学を研究した。1899年帰国して東京帝国大学動物学科講師、1901年同教授となって1924年(大正13)まで務め、発光動物(ホタル、ホタルイカ)を研究するとともに、生態学、動物地理学にも関心を示し、渡瀬線(屋久島(やくしま)・種子島(たねがしま)と奄美(あまみ)大島間の生物分布境界線)を発見した。また、史跡名勝天然記念物調査会委員として固有動物の保護に努める一方、ハブ除去のためのマングース移入(1910)、食用ガエルの移植(1918)、キツネ養殖の指導、捕鯨法の歴史学的研究など、応用動物学方面でも活躍した。

[磯野直秀]

[参照項目] | 渡瀬線

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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