Personal Novel - Watakushi Shosetsu

Japanese: 私小説 - わたくししょうせつ
Personal Novel - Watakushi Shosetsu
A literary term. A novel written without fictionalizing the author's own experiences or psychology. Around 1920, the coined terms "watakushi shosetsu" (I am a novel) began to be used, and at the time contained a derisive or self-deprecating meaning towards the Shirakaba school of literature. Later, the Shirakaba school of literature established an art supremacy in the form of an elitist mentality and victim mentality, and "shi-novel" came to be understood as a personal novel that inherited the Japanese naturalism pioneered by Tayama Katai's "Kubutan." Around 1924, Kume Masao and others called the purer form "shinkyo shosetsu" (state of mind novel), and placed more importance on expressing the author's feelings rather than on life experiences. However, Kobayashi Hideo criticized "shi-novel" as the root of feudalism that hinders the modernization of Japanese literature (Shi-novel Theory, 1935), and took a negative stance. Although there were many excellent works of "shi-novel" after that, they began to decline or change in quality around 1949.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
文学用語。作者自身の経験や心理を虚構化することなく,そのまま書いた小説。 1920年頃から「わたくし小説」「私は小説」という造語が使われはじめ,当時は『白樺』派文学に対する揶揄または自己卑下的な意味が含まれていた。その後『白樺』派文学がエリート意識即被害者意識の形で芸術至上主義を定着させるにいたり,「私小説」は田山花袋の『蒲団』を嚆矢とする日本的自然主義を引継ぐ身辺小説と解されるようになった。 24年頃久米正雄らはより純粋な形を「心境小説」と呼び,生活体験よりも作家的心情を吐露することを重視した。しかし小林秀雄は「私小説」は日本文学の近代化を妨げる封建性の根源と指弾し (『私小説論』〈1935〉) ,否定的立場をとった。私小説の秀作はその後も相次いだが,49年頃から衰退もしくは変質をみせた。

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