Cotton padding - Wataire

Japanese: 綿入れ - わたいれ
Cotton padding - Wataire

It is a garment with cotton between the outer and inner fabrics, used for protection against the cold. There are cotton-filled long gi, cotton-filled haori, cotton-filled sleeveless haori (haorishita), hanten, tanzen, etc., but generally speaking, cotton-filled long gi is meant as cotton-filled long gi. In the past, cotton-filled long gi with cotton filling was called nunoko, and silk long gi with cotton filling was called kosode. Until the end of the Meiji period, cotton-filled long gi was worn from December to February of the following year. Nowadays, due to the development of various undergarments and changes in living conditions, people wear lined gi all through the fall, winter, and spring, so cotton-filled long gi and cotton-filled haori are no longer used. However, sleeveless haori (chanchanko) for infants, sleeveless haori with a standing collar used as a haorishita for the elderly, hanten (cotton-filled) that can be worn over Western clothes, and tanzen as relaxing wear are still popular for protection against the cold regardless of age.

During the Edo period, cotton was not widely used and was a valuable commodity. The cotton used for kosode at that time was pure cotton. From the end of the Edo period to the Meiji period, people began to use cotton (kosode cotton = Oume cotton) and wear cotton-padded kimonos. At that time, the hem of a cotton-padded kimono was about 1 cm. From around the end of the Taisho period, a mouth cotton padding appeared, in which cotton was placed in the cuffs and cotton was placed in the hem as a hem core, so as to retain the name of cotton padding. As an application of this mouth cotton padding, even today, when the lining is thin compared to the thickness of the outer fabric, thin silk cotton is sometimes placed in the cuffs to balance the thickness of the outer fabric and lining. As cotton padding became widespread, cotton cotton began to be used instead of pure cotton. Oume cotton is used for kimonos and haori, and inner cotton (tanzen cotton = dotera cotton) or Oume cotton is used for hanten and tanzen. When filling with cotton, a layer of silk cotton is used for reinforcement. Also, blow-stop cotton is used to prevent the cotton wool from coming out through the grain of the fabric and causing pilling due to friction. After World War II, synthetic cotton was developed and became available in large quantities on the market. This is light and has excellent heat retention, but it has drawbacks such as poor moisture absorption and weakness to heat, so overall, natural cotton is superior. It is especially better to use natural cotton for the elderly and young children. If the cotton wool becomes dirty, press it to wash it to prepare for the next cold season.

During World War II, civilians used thick cotton padding in their air raid hoods and shoulder pads to protect themselves. In recent years, similar padded hoods have been highlighted as disaster prevention hoods in response to earthquake disasters.

[Yasu Fujimoto]

Names of the various parts of a tanzen (men's tanzen)
©Shogakukan ">

Names of the various parts of a tanzen (men's tanzen)

Names of each part of the Chan-chanko
©Shogakukan ">

Names of each part of the Chan-chanko


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

表布と裏布との間に綿を入れた衣服で、防寒用に用いられる。綿入れ長着、綿入れ羽織、綿入れ袖(そで)なし羽織(羽織下)、半纏(はんてん)、丹前などがあるが、一般に綿入れといえば綿入れ長着をさす。古くは綿布の長着に綿を入れたものを布子(ぬのこ)、絹布の長着に綿を入れたものを小袖といった。明治末期まで、冬の12月から翌年2月ごろまで綿入れを着用した。現在は下着の多様的な発達と生活条件の変化により、秋冬春を通して袷(あわせ)を着用するようになったため、綿入れ長着、綿入れ羽織は用いられなくなった。しかし幼児用の袖なし羽織(ちゃんちゃんこ)、老人用羽織下に用いる立衿(たちえり)の袖なし羽織、洋服の上にも着用できる半纏(はんてん)(綿入れ)、くつろぎ着としての丹前などは、現在でも防寒用として年齢を問わず愛用されている。

 江戸時代には木綿綿は一般に普及しておらず貴重品であった。当時の小袖に用いられた綿は真綿である。江戸末期ごろから明治にかけて、民間で木綿綿(小袖綿=青梅(おうめ)綿)を用い、綿入れ長着を着用するようになった。当時の綿入れ長着の裾ぶき寸法は1センチメートル前後であった。大正末期ごろから綿入れの名をとどめるように袖口に含み綿を入れ、裾には裾芯(すそしん)として綿を入れる口綿入れが現れた。この口綿入れの応用として、現在も表地の厚さに対して裏地が薄手の場合、表地、裏地の厚さのバランスを整えるために、袖口に真綿を薄く伸ばして入れることがある。詰め物としての綿は、木綿綿が普及してから、真綿のかわりに木綿綿を用いるようになった。長着、羽織には青梅綿、半纏、丹前には中入れ綿(丹前綿=どてら綿)または青梅綿を入れる。綿入れのとき、補強のために敷き真綿を用いる。また、真綿が布目を通して外面に出、摩擦によって毛玉ができることを防ぐためには吹止め綿を用いる。第二次世界大戦後、化繊綿(合繊綿)が開発されて数多く市場に出回った。これは軽く保温性に優れているが、吸湿性に乏しく、熱に弱い欠点があり、総合してみれば天然の綿のほうが勝っている。ことに老人、幼児には天然のものを用いるほうがよい。綿入れが汚れた場合、押し洗いをし、次の寒さの季節に備える。

 なお第二次世界大戦中、民間人は防空頭巾(ずきん)や肩当てに木綿綿を厚く入れて身を守った。これと同じような綿入れ頭巾が、近年、地震による災害に対応して、防災用頭巾としてクローズアップされている。

[藤本やす]

丹前の各部名称(男物丹前)
©Shogakukan">

丹前の各部名称(男物丹前)

ちゃんちゃんこの各部名称
©Shogakukan">

ちゃんちゃんこの各部名称


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