An aircraft capable of vertical take-off and landing. Also called a VTOL aircraft. Most practical vertical take-off and landing aircraft are helicopters. Other vertical take-off and landing aircraft began to be seriously considered in the 1950s, and experimental aircraft prototypes at that time included compound aircraft with wings, propellers, and rotors, tilt-wing aircraft with wings and propellers that change direction from vertical to horizontal, and tail-sitters that take off vertically by erecting a jet engine like a rocket. Among these, the BAE Harrier, which changes the direction of the jet engine's thrust, has been put into practical use. In addition, the new joint fighter-attack aircraft JSF (Joint Strike Fighter) of the three US military forces and the Royal Navy can take off vertically and fly at supersonic speeds by changing the thrust of the jet engine and using a lift fan. Tiltrotor aircraft, which change the direction of the rotors from vertical to horizontal, have also entered the practical stage. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
垂直離着陸の可能な航空機。 VTOL機ともいう。実用的な垂直離着陸機は,ほとんどがヘリコプタである。それ以外の垂直離着陸機が真剣に考えられるようになったのは 1950年代からで,その頃試作された実験機には,翼とプロペラと回転翼 (ロータ) をもつコンパウンド機,翼とプロペラが垂直から水平に変向するティルトウィング機,ジェットエンジンをロケットのように立てて垂直に離昇するテールシッターなどがある。そのなかからジェットエンジンの噴射を変向するBAEハリアーが実用化された。さらにアメリカ3軍とイギリス海軍の新しい共用戦闘攻撃機 JSF;Joint Strike Fighterは,ジェットエンジンの推力変向とリフトファンによって垂直に離陸し,超音速で飛ぶことができる。またロータを垂直から水平まで変向するティルトロータ機も実用段階に入った。
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