Meade, James Edward

Japanese: ミード（英語表記）Meade, James Edward

Born: June 23, 1907, Swansea
[Died] December 22, 1995. British economist. Educated at Cambridge and Oxford, he was a fellow and lecturer at Herford College, Oxford, from 1930 to 1937, a member of the Economic Department of the League of Nations from 1938 to 1940, and worked in the government's Economic Department from World War II, serving as Economic Advisor in 1940 and Director in 1946, managing the wartime economy and formulating postwar domestic and international economic reconstruction plans. He was a professor at the London School of Economics from 1947 to 1957 (President of the same school from 1960 to 1974), a professor at Cambridge University from 1957 to 1968, president of the Royal Economic Society from 1964 to 1966, president of Malvern College in 1972, and chairman of the committee of the Institute for Financial Research from 1975 to 1977. He was an honorary member of the American Economic Association in 1962 and a foreign honorary member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1966. In 1977, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences along with Bertil G. Ohlin. His research fields were very broad, but his main focus was international economics and economic policy. His major works include An Introduction to Economic Analysis and Policy (1936), Planning and the Price Mechanism (1948), and "The Theory of International Economic Policy" (2 volumes, 1951-55).

Mead
Mead, George Herbert

Born February 27, 1863 in South Hadley, Massachusetts.
[Died] April 26, 1931, Chicago American sociologist, philosopher, and psychologist. After studying in Germany, he became a professor at the University of Chicago. He was one of the central scholars of the Chicago School, and a pragmatist thinker on a par with W. James and J. Dewey. He advocated social behaviorism, but criticized JB Watson's behaviorism, arguing that the development of the self must be understood within the process of social interaction, and had a great influence on modern social psychology and psychological anthropology. He did not publish any books during his lifetime, but his lectures and papers have been compiled. His main works include The Philosophy of the Present (1932), Mind, Self, and Society (34), and The Philosophy of the Act (38).

Mead
Mead, Margaret

Born: December 16, 1901, Philadelphia
[Died] November 15, 1978. New York American cultural anthropologist. Graduated from Barnard College and Columbia University. Obtained his doctorate from Columbia University in 1929. During his time as a student, he was influenced by F. Boas and R. Benedict. Worked at the American Museum of Natural History from 1926. Conducted field surveys in the Admiralty Islands, New Guinea, and Bali. Served as an assistant professor of anthropology at Columbia University from 1954, president of the American Anthropological Association in 1960, and professor of anthropology at Fordham University from 1969 to 1971. Introduced psychological research into anthropology, and emphasized the role that early childhood parenting styles play in the formation of a person's personality in that society, contributing to the theory of culture and personality (→ psychological anthropology). Major work: Male and Female (1949).

Mead
The Mead Corp.

American paper manufacturer. Founded in 1930. Grows as a manufacturer of paper, pulp, and paperboard. Acquires Crown Zellerback's distribution division in 1986. Manufactures a wide range of paper products, including white paper, offset coated paper, decorative paper, paperboard, and packaging materials, as well as school and office supplies. Also engaged in forest products production and electronic publishing through subsidiaries, but sold the electronic publishing division in 1994. In 1996, expands cardboard plant in Alabama and strengthens this division by acquiring coated paper and specialty paper plant in Maine. Annual sales $5.077 billion, total assets $5.23 billion, 16,300 employees (1997).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1907.6.23. スワンジ
[没]1995.12.22. ケンブリッジ
イギリスの経済学者。ケンブリッジ大学，オックスフォード大学で学び，1930～37年オックスフォードのハーフォード・カレッジのフェロー兼講師，1938～40年国際連盟経済部員，第2次世界大戦中から政府の経済部に勤め，1940年経済補佐官，1946年同局長として戦時経済の運営，戦後の国内・国際経済の再建策立案に努める。1947～57年ロンドン・スクール・オブ・エコノミクス教授（1960～74同学長），1957～68年ケンブリッジ大学教授，1964～66年王立経済学会会長，1972年モルバン・カレッジ学長，1975～77年財務調査研究所委員会委員長などを歴任。1962年アメリカ経済学会名誉会員，1966年アメリカ芸術・科学アカデミー外国人名誉会員。1977年ベルティル・G.オリーンとともにノーベル経済学賞受賞。研究分野は非常に広かったが，中心は国際経済学，経済政策であった。主著『経済学入門－分析と政策』An Introduction to Economic Analysis and Policy（1936），『経済計画と価格機構－自由制社会主義の経済理論』Planning and the Price Mechanism（1948），"The Theory of International Economic Policy"（2巻，1951～55）など。

ミード
Mead， George Herbert

[生]1863.2.27. マサチューセッツ，サウスハドレー
[没]1931.4.26. シカゴ
アメリカの社会学者，哲学者，心理学者。ドイツ留学後，シカゴ大学教授。シカゴ学派の中心的学者の一人であり，W.ジェームズや J.デューイと並ぶプラグマティズムの思想家。社会的行動主義を提唱したが，J.B.ワトソン流の行動主義を批判し，自我の発達を社会的交互作用の過程のなかでとらえねばならぬとし，現代の社会心理学，心理人類学にも大きな影響を与えた。生前，単行本は公刊しなかったが，講義や論文がまとめられている。主著『現在の哲学』 The Philosophy of the Present (1932) ，『精神・自我・社会』 Mind，Self，and Society (34) ，『行為の哲学』 The Philosophy of the Act (38) 。

ミード
Mead， Margaret

[生]1901.12.16. フィラデルフィア
[没]1978.11.15. ニューヨーク
アメリカの文化人類学者。バーナード・カレッジ，コロンビア大学卒業。 1929年に同大学博士号取得。在学中，F.ボアズ，R.ベネディクトらの影響を受けた。 1926年よりアメリカ自然史博物館に勤務。アドミラルティ諸島，ニューギニア，バリ島の現地調査に従事。 54年よりコロンビア大学人類学助教授，60年アメリカ人類学会会長，69～71年フォーダム大学人類学教授などを歴任。人類学に心理学的研究を導入し，幼年期の育児様式がその社会におけるパーソナリティ形成に果す役割を重要視し，文化とパーソナリティの理論に貢献した (→心理人類学 ) 。主著『男性と女性』 Male and Female (1949) 。

ミード
The Mead Corp.

アメリカの製紙会社。 1930年設立。紙，パルプ，板紙メーカーとして成長する。 86年にクラウン・ゼラバックの流通部門を買収。白色紙，オフセット用コート紙，装飾紙，板紙，包装用資材など紙製品を幅広く製造するほか，学校・事務用品なども扱う。また，子会社を通じて森林産物の生産や電子出版なども手がけたが，電子出版部門は 94年に売却。 96年，アラバマ州のダンボール工場を拡充するとともにメーン州のコート紙・特殊紙工場を買収してこの部門を強化した。年間売上高 50億 7700万ドル，総資産 52億 3000万ドル，従業員数1万 6300名 (1997) 。

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