Weyl, Hermann

Japanese: ワイル(英語表記)Weyl, Hermann
Weyl, Hermann
Born: November 9, 1885, Elmshorn, near Hamburg
[Died] December 8, 1955, Zurich German mathematician. He made a great contribution to the connection of pure mathematics and theoretical physics. He studied mathematics at the University of Göttingen, where he was supervised by D. Hilbert. After graduating, he became a private lecturer and then a professor at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (1913), where he met Einstein. The distinctive feature of Weyl's work was that it related and unified fields that seemed to be unrelated to each other, as seen in his masterpiece from his youth, The Idea of ​​a Riemann Surface (13). This book created a new academic field that unified function theory and geometry. Space, Time, and Matter (18), a collection of lectures on the theory of relativity, shows how deeply he understood the theory of relativity. He regarded electromagnetic and gravitational fields as geometric properties of space and time, and created a unified field theory as a concept that unifies the two. He also developed the theory of continuous groups using matrix representations (23-38). These works were compiled in Group Theory and Quantum Mechanics (28) and Classical Groups (39). The former attracted the attention of theoretical physicists and made the use of group theory popular in the study of quantum mechanics, while the latter is a typical textbook that still has a large readership today. He also dealt with problems in the foundations of mathematics in Philosophy of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (27). He became a professor at the University of Göttingen (30), but after seeing many of his colleagues being expelled by the Nazis, he decided to leave Germany. In 1934 he became a professor at the Institute for Advanced Studies at Princeton, where he remained until his retirement in 1951. After retirement he returned to Switzerland.

Weil
Weill, Kurt

Born: March 2, 1900 in Dessau
[Died] April 3, 1950. New York. American composer born in Germany. He studied at the State Conservatory in Berlin, and studied under F. Busoni from 1921 to 1924. He initially aspired to compose abstract instrumental music, but gained attention as an opera composer. In 1928, with the help of B. Brecht, he composed "The Threepenny Opera," an adaptation of "The Beggar's Opera" by the British composer J. Gay, and the work was performed with his wife Lotte Rainier in the lead role. However, as a Jew with revolutionary ideas and musical ideals, he was exiled by the Nazis, and after living in Paris and Berlin, he settled in New York in 1935. He obtained American citizenship in 1943 and composed musicals and film scores for Broadway and Hollywood.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1885.11.9. ハンブルク近郊エルムスホルン
[没]1955.12.8. チューリヒ
ドイツの数学者。純粋数学と理論物理学の接続に大きな仕事をした。ゲッティンゲン大学で数学を学び,D.ヒルベルトの指導を受けた。同大学卒業後私講師,その後チューリヒのスイス連邦工科大学教授となり (1913) ,そこでアインシュタインと知合った。ワイルの仕事のきわだった特徴は,互いに無関係と思える領域を関係づけ,統一することであり,それは青年期の傑作『リーマン面の理念』 (13) に現れている。この本は関数論と幾何学とを統一する新しい学問領域をつくりだした。相対性理論について講義をまとめた『空間・時間・物質』 (18) は,相対性理論に対して彼がいかに深い理解をもっていたかを示している。電磁場と重力場を空間-時間の幾何学的性質としてとらえ,両者を統一する概念として統一場の理論をつくった。また,行列表現を用いて連続群論を展開した (23~38) 。これらの研究は『群論と量子力学』 (28) および『古典的群』 (39) にまとめられている。前者は理論物理学者たちの関心をひき,量子力学の研究において群論を使うことを流行させ,後者は典型的な教科書として,現在でも多くの読者をもっている。また,『数学と自然科学の哲学』 (27) において数学の基礎の問題を扱った。ゲッティンゲン大学教授となる (30) が,同僚の多くがナチスによって追放されるのをみてドイツを離れる決心をし,1934年からプリンストン高級研究所教授となり,51年に退職するまで,プリンストンにとどまる。退職後スイスに帰った。

ワイル
Weill, Kurt

[生]1900.3.2. デッサウ
[没]1950.4.3. ニューヨーク
ドイツ生れのアメリカの作曲家。ベルリンの国立音楽学校に学び,1921~24年には F.ブゾーニに師事。初め抽象的な器楽曲の作曲を志したが,オペラ作曲家として注目された。 28年に B.ブレヒトの協力を得て,イギリスの J.ゲイ原作の『乞食オペラ』の翻案である『三文オペラ』の作曲をし,夫人ロッテ・レーニヤの主演で上演。しかし革命的な思想と音楽理念をもつユダヤ系の彼はナチスに追放され,パリ,ベルリンを経て 35年にニューヨークに定住。 43年アメリカ国籍を取得し,ブロードウェーやハリウッドで,ミュージカルや映画音楽を作曲した。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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