Weimar (English spelling)

Japanese: ワイマール(英語表記)Weimar
Weimar (English spelling)
A city in the state of Thuringia in central Germany. It is located halfway between Erfurt and Jena. Its name appeared in records in 975, and it obtained city rights in 1348. It was the capital of the Duchy of Saxe-Weimar in 1547, and the Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach from 1815 to 1918. Duke Karl August of Saxe-Weimar treated writers well in the late 18th century and early 19th century, and Goethe, Schiller, Herder, Wieland and others gathered here, making it a mecca for German literature. In 1919, the first National Assembly after the revolution was convened here, and the Weimar Constitution was created. From 1920 to 1948, it was the capital of the former state of Thuringia. A Nazi concentration camp was located in Buchenwald, northwest of the city, from 1937 to 1945, and a national memorial facility is now located on the site. The city manufactures agricultural combines, machinery, electrical parts, chemical products, furniture, building materials, and other products. It is also known as the birthplace of the Bauhaus, and its works, along with those in Dessau, were registered as a cultural heritage of the World Heritage Sites in 1996. There are the National Theater with its bronze statues of Goethe and Schiller (1875), the Goethe House (Goethe National Museum), the Schiller House, the Liszt House (Liszt Museum), the Nietzsche Library, the National Institute for German Classical Literature, and the headquarters of the German Shakespeare Society, and these buildings related to German literature were registered as cultural heritage of the World Heritage Sites in 1998. There are also many other historical buildings, such as Weimar Castle (1790-1803) and Belvedere Castle (1724-32). Population: 60,326 (estimated 1991).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
ドイツ中部,チューリンゲン州の都市。エルフルトとイェナの中間に位置する。 975年記録に名が現れ,1348年都市権を取得,1547年ザクセン=ワイマール公国,1815~1918年はザクセン=ワイマール=アイゼナハ大公国の首都となった。 18世紀末~19世紀初頭にザクセン=ワイマール公カルル・アウグストが文人を厚遇したので,ゲーテ,シラー,ヘルダー,ウィーラントなどが集まり,ドイツ文学の聖地となった。 1919年には革命後最初の国民議会がここに召集され,ワイマール憲法がつくられた。 1920~48年には旧チューリンゲン州の州都。市の北西ブーヘンワルトに 1937~45年ナチスの強制収容所が置かれ,跡地には国の記念施設がある。農業用コンバイン,機械,電気部品,化学製品,家具,建築材などの製造業が行なわれている。バウハウスの発祥地としても知られ,その作品群はデッサウのそれらとともに,1996年世界遺産の文化遺産に登録。ゲーテとシラーの銅像 (1875) がある国立劇場,ゲーテの家 (ゲーテ国立博物館) ,シラーの家,音楽家リストの家 (リスト博物館) ,ニーチェ文庫,国立ドイツ古典文学研究所,ドイツ・シェークスピア協会本部などがあり,これらドイツ文学ゆかりの建築物は,1998年世界遺産の文化遺産に登録。ほかにもワイマール城 (1790~1803) ,ベルベデーレ城 (1724~32) など歴史的建築物が多い。人口6万 326 (1991推計) 。

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