Frigate mackerel (English name)

Japanese: ソウダガツオ - そうだがつお(英語表記)frigate mackerel
Frigate mackerel (English name)

A general term for marine fish of the genus Auxis, family Scombridae, order Perciformes, class Osteichthyes. There are two species: Auxis thazard and A. rochei . A small species of the tuna family, usually 35-40 cm long, but some reach 60 cm. The body is spindle-shaped and nearly circular in cross section, but A. rochei is slightly laterally compressed. The carapace of A. rochei, where the scales are distributed, narrows suddenly halfway down between the first and second dorsal fins, whereas A. rochei gradually narrows and extends to the end of the lateral line. The pattern on the back of A. rochei is obliquely dark stripes, while A. rochei has dots or short bar-shaped spots. They are found in warm seas around the world and spawn in waters above 20°C. Juvenile fish appear in high densities from the coast to offshore, so huge resources are predicted, and this fish is attracting attention as an untapped resource. It is said that there is only one species in the Atlantic Ocean. In the waters off Japan, they accumulate in the southern waters from autumn to winter, then migrate to Hokkaido from spring to summer, during which time they are mainly caught with fixed nets. The amount caught reaches about 30,000 tons per year. Because they have a lot of bloody flesh, they are often processed into shaved bonito flakes and fish meal rather than eaten fresh. They are also called "mejika" (Japanese mejika) because their snout is short and their eyes are close to the tip of their mouth.

[Muneo Okiyama]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

硬骨魚綱スズキ目サバ科ソウダガツオ属の海水魚の総称。ヒラソウダAuxis thazardとマルソウダA. rocheiの2種がいる。マグロ族に属する小形種で、全長は普通35~40センチメートルであるが、60センチメートルに達するものもある。体形は紡錘形で断面はほぼ円形に近いが、ヒラソウダは多少側扁(そくへん)している。ヒラソウダでは鱗(うろこ)の分布する胸甲が第1背びれと第2背びれの中間下方で急に狭くなるのに対して、マルソウダでは徐々に細くなって側線の終わり近くまで延長している。背部の紋様もヒラソウダは斜走する暗色条、マルソウダは点または短い棒状斑(はん)を呈する。世界中の暖海域に分布し、20℃以上の水温帯で産卵する。稚魚が沿岸から沖合いまで高密度に出現することから、莫大(ばくだい)な資源量が予測され、未利用資源としても注目されている。大西洋には1種しかいないといわれている。日本近海では秋から冬に南部海域に集積し、その後春から夏にかけて北海道まで回遊し、その間におもに定置網で漁獲される。その量は年間3万トン程度に達する。血合肉が多いために鮮食されるよりも、削り節やフィッシュミール(魚粉)などに加工されることが多い。吻部(ふんぶ)が短く目が口先に近づいていることから「メジカ」ともよばれる。

[沖山宗雄]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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