...The view of culture as an adaptive system sees the elements of social organization linked to technology, economy, and production as the central domain of culture. There are different views on how adaptive change occurs and how it is carried out among M. Harris's "cultural materialism," E. Service's "cultural evolutionism," Steward's "cultural ecology," R. Rappaport's "human ecology," and others, but with the exception of Rappaport, they all share the view that the economy and related social aspects are the primary factors, and that idea systems (religion, rituals, worldviews, etc.) are secondary epiphenomena. Rappaport sees the cycle of rituals as a component of an adaptive system. ... *Some explanations of terms that refer to "cultural evolution" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…文化を適応体系と見る立場は,技術,経済,生産に結びついた社会組織の要素が文化の中心的な領域と見る。ハリスM.Harrisの〈文化物質主義cultural materialism〉,サービスE.Serviceの〈文化進化主義cultural evolutionism〉,またスチュワードに由来する〈文化生態学cultural ecology〉,ラパポートR.Rappaportらの〈人類生態学human ecology〉などの間には,それぞれ適応の変化がいかに生まれ,いかに行われるかについて異なった見解がみられるが,ラパポートを除き,いずれも経済とそれに関連する社会的側面を第一義的な要因と考え,観念体系(宗教,儀礼,世界観など)を二義的な随伴現象とみる点では共通している。ラパポートは,儀礼の周期を適応体系の構成要素としてとらえている。… ※「cultural evolution」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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