Rome (English spelling)

Japanese: ローマ（英語表記）Roma

The capital of Italy. It is the capital of the Lazio region in central-west Italy, and the capital of the Province of Rome. It forms part of the Rome Metropolitan Area. It faces the Tiber River and developed around the Seven Hills. The road connecting Campania and Etruria passed under the hills, and it is said that Romulus built a fortified city in 753 BC. For nine centuries, from 509 BC to 476 AD, it prospered as the capital of the Republic and then the vast Roman Empire. In the Middle Ages, it was only the seat of the Pope, and in the 14th century, when the Pope moved to Avignon, the population was only 35,000. After the establishment of the Kingdom of Italy (1861), the Pope defended it as a Papal State with the support of the French army, but in 1870 it was occupied by the Italian army, and in 1871 it became the capital of the Kingdom of Italy. At that time, Rome's population was less than 200,000, but it has since grown into a huge city. In 1929, the Lateran Treaty, which reconciled the Pope and the Kingdom of Italy, established the Vatican City in a small area surrounding St. Peter's Basilica. It has a typical Mediterranean climate and is a political, academic, artistic, cultural and tourist city, as well as a thriving industrial base in the fields of machinery, electricity, chemicals, textiles and food. The city is divided into two parts by the Tiber River, the west bank of which includes the Vatican, and the east bank, but the east bank is larger. The old town on the east bank is surrounded by a castle, but residential and industrial areas have also developed outside of that, and EUR in the south is known as a new government and residential city. There are many ancient Roman ruins near the Tiber River in the old town. Here you can find the Roman Forum, Palatine Hill, the Colosseum, the Pantheon, and the remains of the Great Baths of Emperor Caracalla, and to the north of that are the bustling shopping districts such as Via del Corso. The University of Rome was founded in 1303. There are also many other historical sites and famous places such as the Catacombs, Castel Sant'Angelo, Palazzo Venezia, Trevi Fountain, Borghese Gallery, and National Museum. The ancient Roman ruins and Christian buildings in the old town are registered as cultural heritage of the World Heritage Sites along with the Basilica of San Paolo Fuori le Mura in the southern suburbs. Area: 1,285 ^km2 . Population: 2,761,477 (2011).

Rome
Rome

A town in southeast Queensland, Australia, about 500 km west-northwest of Brisbane. It has agriculture, dairy farming, wine industry, and natural gas, which is sent to Brisbane by pipeline. Population 6220 (1991 estimate).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

イタリアの首都。イタリア中西部，ラツィオ州の州都，ローマ県の県都。ローマ大都市圏を形成する。テベレ川に臨み，「七つの丘」を中心に発達。カンパーニアとエトルリアを結ぶ道路が丘下を通じ，前 753年にロムルスが城郭で囲まれた都市を建設したのが起源といわれる。前 509年から後 476年までの9世紀間，共和国，次いで広大な版図をもつローマ帝国の首都として繁栄した。中世には教皇の所在地であったにすぎず，アビニョンに教皇が移った 14世紀には人口わずか3万 5000を数えるのみとなった。イタリア王国成立 (1861) 後も教皇がフランス軍支援のもとに教皇領として死守していたが，1870年イタリア王国軍によって占領され，1871年イタリア王国の首都となった。当時ローマの人口は 20万足らずであったが，以後巨大都市に成長した。 1929年教皇とイタリア王国が和解したラテラノ条約により市内のサン・ピエトロ大聖堂を取り巻く小地域にバチカン市国が成立した。典型的な地中海性気候に属し，政治，学術，芸術，文化，観光都市であるとともに機械，電気，化学，繊維，食品などの工業が盛ん。市街はテベレ川により，バチカンを含む西岸と東岸に分かれるが東岸のほうが大きい。東岸の旧市街は城郭で囲まれるが，その外側にも住宅，工業地区が発展しており，特に南方のエウルは，新しい官庁・住宅都市として知られる。旧市街のテベレ川寄りには古代ローマの遺跡が多い。ここにフォールム・ロマーヌム，パラチヌス丘，コロセウム，パンテオン，カラカラ帝の大浴場跡などがあり，その北側にコルソ通りなどの繁華街がある。ローマ大学は 1303年創設。そのほかカタコンベ，サンタンジェロ城，パラッツォ・ベネチア，トレビの噴水，ボルゲーゼ美術館，国立博物館など史跡，名所が多い。旧市街の古代ローマ遺跡およびキリスト教建築物群は南郊のサン・パオロ・フオーリ・レ・ムーラ聖堂とともに世界遺産の文化遺産に登録されている。面積 1285km²。人口 276万1477（2011）。