I Ching - Ekikyo

Japanese: 易経 - えききょう
I Ching - Ekikyo

It is an ancient Chinese divination book, and one of the Confucian classics (the Five Classics: the Book of Songs, the Book of Documents, the Book of Changes, the Spring and Autumn Annals, and the Book of Rites). The Book of Changes in its current form consists of the "Classic" section and the "Ten Wings" section. The "Ten Wings" section is the hermeneutics of the "Classic." The "Classic" section consists of the "Hua," which is made up of six lines, yin and yang, the text attached to the "Hua," called the "Hua Ci" (Hua Ci), and the text attached to each line, called the "Yao Ci" (Xiang Ci). Any number of Yin and Yang lines, totalling 6 lines, make up a "hexagram," but if the Yin (or Yang) lines are in a different position, it is considered a different "hexagram," so there is 1 Six Yin Hexagram, 6 Five Yin and One Yang Hexagrams, 15 Four Yin and Two Yang Hexagrams, 20 Three Yin and Three Yang Hexagrams, 15 Two Yin and Four Yang Hexagrams, 6 One Yin and Five Yang Hexagrams, and 1 Six Yang Hexagram, totalling 64 Hexagrams. The order in which these 64 Hexagrams are arranged is fixed, and the theory behind this is explained in the "Jo Kaden." The arrangement is in pairs of two Hexagrams. There are 32 pairs in total: 4 pairs of opposites of yin and yang, such as Qian and Kun; 26 pairs of opposites of yin and yang, such as Tu and Meng; and 2 pairs of pairs that can be explained as either opposites of yin and yang or opposites of up and down, such as Sui and Gu. The 30 hexagrams from Qian to Li are called the "Upper Hexagram," and the 34 hexagrams from Kan to Wei are called the "Lower Hexagram." If these six lines are divided into the upper three lines and the lower three lines and organized, eight types of "hexagrams" are obtained. These eight hexagrams are called the "Small Formation Hexagram," and the sixty-four hexagrams are called the "Great Formation Hexagram." It can also be explained that the "Great Formation Hexagram" is made by stacking two "Small Formation Hexagrams." The "Small Formation Hexagram" is thought to symbolize various phenomena, and the "Shuo Gua Chuan" explains these symbols. The "Da Xiang" in the "Tu Chuan" and "Xiang Chuan" interpret the "Hexagram Statement," while the "Xiao Xiang" in the "Xiang Chuan" interprets the "Line Statement." There are also "Wen Yan Chuan" for the Qian and Kun Hexagrams. Good fortune and bad luck are judged based on the symbols of the "Small Formation Hexagram," the "Hexagram Statement," and the "Line Statement." When the "Ji Ci Chuan" was created and added to provide a theoretical basis for the "Classic" portion of this divination book, the status of the "I Ching" as a Confucian scripture was established.

[Takao Fujiwara]

"Honda Osamu, translated and annotated, 'Selections of the Chinese Classics, I Ching' (1966, Asahi Shimbun Company)" ▽ "Suzuki Yoshijiro, translated and annotated, 'Complete Interpretation of the Chinese Classics Series 9 & 10, I Ching' (1974, Shueisha)""Takada Shinji and Goto Motomi, translated and annotated, 'I Ching', volumes 1 and 2 (Iwanami Bunko)"

[Reference] | I Ching | I Ching

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

中国、古代の占筮(せんぜい)の書でもあり、儒教の経典(『詩経』『書経』『易経』『春秋(しゅんじゅう)』『礼記(らいき)』の五経)の一つでもある。『易経』の現在の姿は、「経」の部分と「十翼(じゅうよく)」の部分とからなる。「十翼」の部分は「経」の解釈学である。「経」の部分は、陰爻(いんこう)、陽爻(ようこう)の六爻からなる「卦(か)」と、「卦」につけられた文=「卦辞(かじ)(彖辞(たんじ))」と、各爻につけられた文=「爻辞(こうじ)(象辞(しょうじ))」とからなる。任意の数の陰爻、陽爻合計6爻をもって「卦」とするのであるが、陰爻(あるいは陽爻)の所在の位置が異なると、別の「卦」とするから、六陰の卦1、五陰一陽の卦6、四陰二陽の卦15、三陰三陽の卦20、二陰四陽の卦15、一陰五陽の卦6、六陽の卦1、合計64卦となる。この六十四卦の配列の順序は定まっており、その理論を説くのが「序卦伝(じょかでん)」である。その配列の形式は2卦1組とされる。乾(けん)と坤(こん)とのように陰陽の反対のもの4組、屯(ちゅん)と蒙(もう)とのように陰陽の所在位置が上下反対となっているもの26組、随(ずい)と蠱(こ)とのように陰陽反対とも、上下反対とも説明できるもの2組、合計32組である。またこの六十四卦を、乾より離(り)に至る30卦を「上経」、咸(かん)より未済(びせい)に至る34卦を「下経」とする。この六爻の卦を、上三爻と下三爻とに分けて整理すると、8種類の「卦」を得る。この八卦を「小成(しょうせい)の卦」といい、六十四卦を「大成の卦」という。「小成の卦」2個を重ねて「大成の卦」をつくると説明することもできる。「小成の卦」は種々の事象を象徴すると考えられ、その象徴を説くのが「説卦(せっか)伝」である。「卦辞」を解するものが「彖伝」と「象伝」の「大象」であり、「爻辞」を解するものが「象伝」の「小象」である。乾・坤両卦にはさらに「文言(ぶんげん)伝」がある。この「小成の卦」の象徴、「卦辞」「爻辞」によって吉凶の判断を下す。このような占筮の書である「経」の部分に理論的根拠を与えるものとして、「繋辞(けいじ)伝」がつくられ付加されると、儒教の経典としての『易経』の地位が確立する。

[藤原高男]

『本田済訳注『中国古典選 易』(1966・朝日新聞社)』『鈴木由次郎訳注『全釈漢文大系9・10 易経』(1974・集英社)』『高田真治・後藤基巳訳註『易経』上下(岩波文庫)』

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