Sakae Kimura

Japanese: 木村栄 - きむらひさし
Sakae Kimura

Astronomer. Born in Kanazawa, he graduated from the Department of Astronomy at the Faculty of Science, Tokyo Imperial University in 1892 (Meiji 25). He studied astronomy and geophysics under Terao Hisashi and Tanakadate Aikitsu in graduate school, and was involved in observing latitude changes as part of the Earthquake Disaster Prevention Research Committee's project. In 1898, he studied in Potsdam to participate in international collaborative observations of latitude changes, and in 1899, he was invited to become the first director of the Latitude Observatory (now the Mizusawa Campus of the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan) in Mizusawa, Iwate Prefecture, and dedicated himself to this observation project for the next 40 years. In 1902 (Meiji 35), he compiled global observation data and proposed that in addition to the x and y terms in the empirical formula for latitude changes, a z term that varies with a one-year cycle should be added, and this proposal was officially recognized by the academic community around the world. In 1922 (Taisho 11), the International Astronomical Union decided to select Mizusawa Latitude Observatory as the central station for the International Cooperative Latitude Observation Project, and Kimura was appointed its full-time director. This was the result of Kimura's many years of contributions, and also signified the high recognition of the accuracy of Japanese measurement technology. He became director of the central station in 1936 (Showa 11), and resigned as director in 1941. His contributions during this time were great, and his reports, volumes 7 and 8, became important materials for research on the polar motion of the Earth. For his achievements, he was awarded the first Imperial Prize of the Japan Academy in 1911, the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1936, the Asahi Culture Prize in the same year, and the first Order of Culture in 1937. The z term is commonly known as the "Kimura term."

[Shimamura Fukutaro]

[Reference items] | Latitude observatory | Latitude change | Polar motion | z term | Tanakadate Aikachi | Terao Hisashi | Mizusawa VLBI Observatory
Sakae Kimura
©Shogakukan Library ">

Sakae Kimura


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

天文学者。金沢に生まれ、1892年(明治25)東京帝国大学理科大学星学科を卒業、大学院で寺尾寿(てらおひさし)、田中館愛橘(たなかだてあいきつ)に師事して位置天文学および地球物理学を専攻し、震災予防調査会の事業としての緯度変化の観測に従事した。1898年緯度変化の国際協同観測に参画するためポツダムに留学、1899年岩手県水沢に緯度観測所(現在の国立天文台水沢キャンパス)が創設されるに及び初代所長に迎えられ、以後40年間この観測事業に献身した。1902年(明治35)、汎(はん)地球的な観測資料を整理して、緯度変化の経験公式のうちx項およびy項のほかに、1年周期で変動するz項を付加すべきことを提唱し、世界の学界に公認された。1922年(大正11)に国際天文学連合の決議により、国際協同緯度観測事業中央局として水沢緯度観測所が選定され、その局長に専任された。これは多年にわたる木村の貢献の結果であると同時に、日本の測定技術の精度が高く評価されたことを意味する。1936年(昭和11)中央局長を、1941年所長を辞任した。この間に果たした寄与は偉大なもので、報告書第7巻・第8巻は地球の極運動研究の重要資料となった。その功績により、1911年日本学士院恩賜賞第一号、1936年イギリス王立天文協会より金メダル賞、同年朝日文化賞、1937年第1回文化勲章を授与された。z項は通称「木村項」という。

[島村福太郎]

[参照項目] | 緯度観測所 | 緯度変化 | 極運動 | z項 | 田中館愛橘 | 寺尾寿 | 水沢VLBI観測所
木村栄
©小学館ライブラリー">

木村栄


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