North West Company

Japanese: 北西会社 - ほくせいがいしゃ（英語表記）North West Company

Also known as the Northwest Fur Company. A fur trading company that was very powerful in Canada from the late 18th century to the early 19th century. It was originally formed by Montreal merchants to eliminate unnecessary competition and to divide the vast Northwest region beyond Ruperts Land for fur trading. The first such agreement was made in 1779. The Northwest Company had many excellent explorers, such as A. Mackenzie, S. Fraser, and D. Thompson. The company established its headquarters on the shores of Lake Superior, where it collected furs, bought and sold necessities, and exchanged money. The Northwest Company's most violent rival was the Hudson's Bay Company. Their hostility came to a head when Earl Selkirk, one of the Hudson's Bay Company's shareholders, founded the Red River Colony, which led to the Seven Oaks Massacre in 1816. However, the resulting trial put the North West Company in financial difficulty, and in 1821, with the mediation of the British government, a merger with the Hudson's Bay Company was realized, bringing an end to the North West Company, which had made a major impact on exploration in western Canada in the 19th century.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

ノースウェスト毛皮会社とも呼ばれる。 18世紀後半から 19世紀前半にかけて，カナダで勢威をふるった毛皮交易会社。元来は無益な競争を排除するためにモントリオールの商人たちが組合を結成し，ルーパーツランドを越えたより広大な北西部地方を区分けして毛皮交易を行おうとしたことに始る。こうした協定の最初のものは 1779年に成立した。北西会社には A.マッケンジー，S.フレーザー，D.トンプソンらの優秀な探検家が大勢いた。会社はスペリオル湖畔に本部を設置し，そこで毛皮の収集，必需品の売買，金銭の授受が行われた。北西会社が最も激しく衝突した相手はハドソン湾会社であった。彼らの敵愾心は，ハドソン湾会社の株主の一人，セルカーク (伯)がレッドリバー植民地を建設した際に頂点に達し，1816年セブンオークスの虐殺を引起した。しかしこの結果の裁判は北西会社の財政逼迫をもたらし，21年ハドソン湾会社との合併がイギリス政府の斡旋で実現し，19世紀西部カナダの探検に大きな足跡を残した北西会社の幕が閉じられた。

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