Joint guarantee - Rentaihosho

Japanese: 連帯保証 - れんたいほしょう
Joint guarantee - Rentaihosho

A guarantor assumes the debt jointly with the principal debtor and guarantees the performance of the principal debt. A joint guarantee can arise by special agreement, and in principle, when the principal debt arises from a commercial transaction or when the guarantee contract is a commercial transaction, it becomes a joint guarantee (Commercial Code, Article 511, Paragraph 2). In the case of a joint guarantee, the guarantor is not granted the right of defense against demand (Civil Code, Article 452) or the right of defense against search (Civil Code, Article 453), which he or she has against the creditor in the case of a normal guarantee. In other words, the liability of a joint guarantor is primary liability, not supplementary liability. In addition, the liability of a joint guarantor is full liability, and not a partial liability for the amount of the debt (there is no so-called "interest of separate discretion").

The main effects of a joint guarantee are as follows. (1) The debt of a joint guarantor is a type of guarantee debt and is recognized as having rights based on accessory status, so the joint guarantor can assert the same defense rights that the debtor has against the creditor as an ordinary guarantor. (2) The effect of a cause arising against the principal debtor or the joint guarantor, and the effect of interrupting the prescription against the principal debtor, extend to the joint guarantor (Civil Code Articles 457, Paragraph 1 and 458). (3) A claim against the joint guarantor and its effect shall have an effect on the principal debtor. In addition, the effect of a cause arising against the joint guarantor shall have an effect on the principal debtor. For example, when a novation is made between the joint guarantor and the creditor, the claim shall be extinguished for the benefit of the principal debtor. (4) The relationship of the joint guarantor to obtain reimbursement from the principal debtor is the same as that of an ordinary guarantee. In other words, if A (the principal debtor) borrows 1 million yen from B and C becomes a guarantor for this debt, when C pays the 1 million yen on behalf of A, C will have a right of reimbursement against A and will be able to demand payment of the 1 million yen from A. The scope of this right of reimbursement differs depending on whether the guarantor was entrusted with the debt (Articles 459 and 442 of the same law) or not (Article 462 of the same law).

[Toshio Takeuchi]

[Reference item] | Guarantee obligation

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

保証人が主たる債務者と連帯して債務を負担し、主たる債務の履行を担保すること。連帯保証は特約によって生ずるほか、主たる債務が商行為によって発生したものであるとき、または保証契約が商行為にあたるときは、原則として連帯保証となる(商法511条2項)。連帯保証の場合には、普通の保証の場合なら保証人が債権者に対して有する催告の抗弁権(民法452条)や検索の抗弁権(同法453条)が認められない。すなわち、連帯保証人の責任は補充的な責任ではなく、第一次的な責任である。また、連帯保証人の責任は全額責任であって、債務額につき部分的に責任を負担するのではない(いわゆる「分別の利益」が存しない)。

 連帯保証の主要な効力については、次のとおりである。(1)連帯保証人の債務も保証債務の一種であって付従性に基づく権利が認められるので、連帯保証人は、普通の保証人と同様に、債務者が債権者に対して有する抗弁権を主張しうる。(2)主たる債務者または連帯保証人につき生じた事由の効力、主たる債務者に対する時効中断の効力は、連帯保証人に及ぶ(民法457条1項、458条)。(3)連帯保証人に対する請求およびその効力は、主たる債務者にその効力を及ぼす。また、連帯保証人について生じた事由の効力は、主たる債務者にその効力を及ぼす。たとえば、連帯保証人と債権者との間に更改がなされたときは、債権は主たる債務者の利益のために消滅する。(4)連帯保証人の主たる債務者に対する求償関係については、普通の保証の場合と同様である。すなわち、A(主たる債務者)がBより100万円を借入れし、Cがこの借金につき連帯保証人となった場合に、CがAにかわって100万円を支払ったときは、CはAに対して求償権を有することになり、CはAに対して100万円の支払いを請求できることになる。この求償権の範囲は、保証人が委託を受けていた場合(同法459条・442条)と受けていなかった場合(同法462条)とで異なる。

[竹内俊雄]

[参照項目] | 保証債務

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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