Fisherman - Gyoka

Japanese: 漁家 - ぎょか

An industrial management unit in a fishing village. Many of them engage in fishing as a livelihood, mainly using household labor, but with the development of coastal fishing, the traditional family-based, clan-based management, including family members and close relatives, has been replaced by so-called corporate fishing households, which hire some labor from elsewhere. Currently in Japan, the so-called coastal fishing class, including small-scale fixed net fishermen living in coastal cities and towns, marine aquaculture operators of seaweed, oysters, pearls, fish, and scallops, and fishing boat operators of less than 10 tons, are collectively called fishing households. However, the 1948 Fisheries Census, conducted shortly after World War II, defined fishing households as "fishermen operated by five or fewer regular employees" and distinguished them from corporate management entities with more than that number, and their characteristics are not necessarily the same due to the progress of fishing.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

漁村の産業的な経営単位。多くは世帯労働力を主に生活の資を得るための生業的漁業を営むが，沿岸漁業の発達とともにこれまでの家族や近親者を含む家族労作的，同族的経営のタイプから，企業的に労働力を他から一部雇い入れて営まれるいわゆる企業的漁家がみられるようになった。現在日本では，沿岸市町村に在住する小型定置網漁業者，のり，かき，真珠，魚類，帆立貝などの海面養殖業者，さらに 10t未満の漁船階層を含むいわゆる沿岸漁業層が漁家と総称されているが，第2次世界大戦後まもない 1948年の漁業センサスでは「常時5人以内の従事者で営まれる漁業者」と定義してそれ以上の企業経営体と区別しており，その性格も漁業の進歩によって，必ずしも同一ではない。

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