Chancery

…As a result, petitions and trials by the Lord Chancellor were often more effective, quicker and cheaper than common law trials, and thus the Lord Chancellor's trials, which were originally exceptional, were welcomed by the litigants, and even cases that should have been brought to the common law courts were brought under some pretext or another. As a result, from the mid-15th century onwards, a department specializing in trials was created within the Chancery, the office of the Lord Chancellor, and this came to be considered as a separate and independent body called the Court of Chancery. It also came to be called the Court of Equity, as trials were conducted based on equity rather than strict law (common law rules). Originally, equity was considered to amend the law, and the Court of Chancery was considered to be in a cooperative relationship with the common law court, and the two coexisted peacefully. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Chancery" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…そのために，大法官による請願処理･裁判は，コモン･ロー裁判に比べ効果的でかつ迅速廉価であることが多く，かくしてもともとは例外的なこの大法官による裁判は，訴訟当事者から大いに歓迎され，本来はコモン･ロー裁判所に訴え出るべきことまでも，なんらかの口実で持ち込まれるようになる。その結果15世紀半ば以降には，大法官の役所である大法官府Chancery内に裁判を専門にする部署ができ，これが大法官府裁判所Court of Chanceryとして分化･独立したものと考えられるようになり，また，厳格な法＝コモン･ロー準則ではなく，衡平を基準にして裁判がなされるということで衡平裁判所court of equityとも呼ばれるようになる。　本来，衡平は法を補正し，大法官府裁判所はコモン･ロー裁判所と提携関係にあると考えられ，両者は平和的に共存していた。…

※「Chancery」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報