Institution - Kikan

Japanese: 機関 - きかん

〘Noun〙① Buddhist term. In Zen Buddhism, it refers to an ingenious method or means, such as a single yell or a single blow, used by a teacher to guide a student. ※Shobogenzo (1231-53) Zenki: "This life is in this machine, and this machine is in this life."② Something that is equipped with an active device. A machine with a mechanism. Karakuri. [Rakuyoshu (1598)] ※Saikokuni-Rishi-hen (1870-71) (translated by Nakamura Masanao) 2: "Indeed, this device is so precisely controlled that with just one blow the entire mechanism (〈note〉karakuri) is destroyed and becomes useless." [Guiguzi - Quan-hen]③ A plan for suicide. A scheme. ※Reader's Folk Tales: Lightning Cover (1806) 1: "The mechanism in the chest (kikuwan) ."④ A mechanical device that receives energy from heat, electricity, hydraulics, etc., and converts it into mechanical energy and sends it out to others. A prime mover. *Western Affairs (1866-70) (Fukuzawa Yukichi), first part: "Mr. Hargryow invented a spinning engine." ⑤ = kikan (organ) (English-Japanese Pocket Dictionary (1862)) ⑥ An organization established by corporations or groups to make or execute decisions. Depending on its form and nature, it can be divided into state and private organizations, deliberative and independent organizations, decision-making and executive organizations, etc. *Setsuchubai (1886) (Suehiro Tetsucho), second part: "It goes without saying that in political matters, an organization is necessary to accomplish anything." ⑦ Generally, an organization established for a certain function. *Ichinen Yōhan (1901) (Nakae Chomin), first part: "Transportation machinery, an accessory to the business world, is equipped daily."

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

〘名〙① 仏語。禅宗で、師が学人を導くのに用いる、一喝、一棒など、巧妙な方法手段をいう。※正法眼蔵（1231‐53）全機「いまの生はこの機関にあり、この機関はいまの生にあり」② 活動の装置を施したもの。しかけのある機械。からくり。〔落葉集（1598）〕※西国立志編（1870‐71）〈中村正直訳〉二「抑もこの機器その制甚だ精密なるが故に、ただ一槌を受るのみにて、全体の機関（〈注〉カラクリ）これが為に廃して無用の物となる」〔鬼谷子‐権篇〕③ 心中の計略。たくらみ。※読本・昔話稲妻表紙（1806）一「胸中の機関(キクヮン)」④ 火力、電力、水力などのエネルギーを受け、これを機械的エネルギーに変えて他へ送る機械装置。原動機。※西洋事情（1866‐70）〈福沢諭吉〉初「ハルグリーウ氏、紡績の機関を発明し」⑤ ＝きかん（器官）〔英和対訳袖珍辞書（1862）〕⑥ 法人や団体などが意思を決定したり、実行したりするために設けた組織。その形態や性格によって国家機関と私人機関、合議機関と単独機関、意思機関と執行機関などに分けられる。※雪中梅（1886）〈末広鉄腸〉下「政事上のことは言ふまでもなく何事を為すにも機関がなければならぬものだ」⑦ 一般に、あるはたらきのために設けた組織。※一年有半（1901）〈中江兆民〉一「経済界の附属品たる交通運輸の機関は日々に具備して」

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