Regensburg - Regensburg (English spelling)

Japanese: レーゲンスブルク - れーげんすぶるく(英語表記)Regensburg
Regensburg - Regensburg (English spelling)

A city in Bavaria in southeastern Germany. It is located where the Regen River joins the Danube River. It has a population of 125,700 (2000). With a river port on the Danube River and as a railway and road hub, it has a strong commercial character. It is also known for its many cultural and artistic heritage, mainly from the Middle Ages. Its industry is modest, but diverse, including machinery, chemicals, leather, and food, and it is particularly known for its sausage production. It is also a tourist base for the Bavarian Wald mountain range.

The city was founded by the Celts in the 5th century BC as it had an island in the Danube and was an easy place to cross. Its ancient name was Radasbona. In 179 AD, the Romans built a fortress and a garrison to secure a crossing point, but it was occupied by Germanic peoples in the 4th century. A bishopric was established in 739 and it became the center of Christianity in southern Germany, and in 788 it became the royal domain of Charlemagne. The 12th and 13th centuries were the golden age of commerce, and in 1245 it became an imperial city and gained urban autonomy. However, after the 14th century, it was overtaken by cities such as Nuremberg and Augsburg. From 1663 to 1806 it was the permanent location of the Imperial Diet. It then became part of Bavaria in 1810. In the second half of the 19th century, the city regained its vitality thanks to water transport on the Danube and railways, but it missed out on the dramatic development of industry. During World War II, the city was frequently bombed by the Allied forces, but medieval buildings that show its former prosperity survived, preserving its medieval atmosphere to this day. Many historical buildings remain, including St. Emmeram Abbey (8th-12th century), the stone bridge over the Danube (1135-46), the Gothic-style St. Peter's Cathedral (1275-1524), and the Old Town Hall (14th-15th century), which includes a hall where the German Imperial Diet was held.

[Hideya Ishii]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ドイツ南東部、バイエルン州の都市。レーゲン川がドナウ川に合流する地点に位置する。人口12万5700(2000)。ドナウ川に河港をもち、鉄道・道路の結節点であることから商業都市としての性格が強い。中世を中心とした文化・芸術の遺産が多いことでも知られる。工業はつつましやかであるが、機械、化学、皮革、食品など多岐にわたっており、とくにソーセージの生産はよく知られている。また、バイエリッシャー・ワルト山地への観光拠点でもある。

 ドナウ川に川中島があり、徒渉しやすい地点であることから、紀元前5世紀ごろにケルト人が集落を建設した。古称ラダスボナRadasbona。紀元後179年にはローマ人が渡河地点を確保するために城塞(じょうさい)と屯営を建設したが、4世紀にゲルマン人が占領した。739年に司教座が置かれて南ドイツのキリスト教の中心地になり、788年にはカール大帝の王領となった。12~13世紀が商業のもっとも栄えた黄金時代で、1245年には帝国都市となり、都市自治を獲得した。しかし、14世紀以後、ニュルンベルクやアウクスブルクなどにその地位をとってかわられた。1663年から1806年の間は帝国議会の常設開催地であった。その後1810年にバイエルン領となる。19世紀後半にドナウ川の水運と鉄道によって活気を取り戻したが、工業の飛躍的な発展には乗り遅れた。第二次世界大戦中、連合軍にしばしば爆撃されたが、かつての繁栄を示す中世の建物が生き残り、中世的雰囲気をいまに残している。多くの歴史的建造物が残るが、ザンクト・エメラム修道院(8~12世紀)、ドナウ川に架かる石橋(1135~46)、ゴシック様式のザンクト・ペーター大聖堂(1275~1524)、ドイツ帝国議会が行われた広間をもつ旧市庁舎(14~15世紀)などがある。

[石井英也]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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