Hoguza - Hoguza

Japanese: 反古座 - ほうぐざ

A group of medieval merchants who sold waste paper for paper-making. Paper for paper-making, called shiyukushi, was used by the Imperial Court as paper for imperial edicts and letters of appointment, and was under the control of the Tosho-ryo (Library) since the Ritsuryo system. The groups that handled shiyukushi were called shiyukushi joza and joza, with the joza being made up of paper makers belonging to the Tosho-ryo and under the control of the Togai clan. The geza was a new group that arose in the Muromachi period in response to the increased demand for paper and the need for commercial production. In addition to shiyukushi, the joza and geza also produced tsukushi, goheishi, midori-shi, and ki-shi, among other products, which they paid tribute to as official business.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

すきかえし用の反古紙を商った中世商人の座。すきかえし紙である宿紙（しゆくし）は，綸旨･補任状などの用紙として朝廷で用いられ，律令制以来図書寮（ずしよりよう）の管掌するところであった。この宿紙を扱う座を宿紙上下座といい，上座は図書寮に所属する紙工が座をなしたもので，栂井氏の支配下にあった。下座は紙の需要が増大したことにより，室町期に商品生産に応じて生まれた新しい座である。上座･下座では宿紙のほかに続紙，御幣紙，緑紙，黄紙などをつくり，公事として貢納している。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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