Oak - Oak

Japanese: カシ(樫) - カシ

It is a general term for evergreen oaks in the Fagaceae family, but in the Kanto region, oak generally refers to Quercus glauca, around Nagoya, Quercus salicina, and Quercus glauca in the Kansai region. There are nine species of oak native to Japan: Quercus akagashi, Quercus glauca, Quercus yew, Quercus phillyraeoides, Quercus glauca, Quercus tsukubanegashi, Quercus hanagashi, and Quercus glauca, which grow naturally in the mountains from Honshu to Okinawa. Most are tall trees, and are the main constituent species of evergreen broad-leaved forests. The flowers are wind-pollinated and monoecious. The fruits are acorns, and the cupules have concentric folds. The bark of Quercus akagashi is greenish-gray-black and peels, and the new branches and leaves are covered with long, soft yellow-brown hairs. The leaves are large and thick. Its name comes from the fact that its wood is pale pink-brown with a strong reddish hue. Quercus glauca is the most common, and the undersides of its leaves are white with dense hairs. The undersides of the leaves of yew trees have velvety hairs and are yellowish-white in color. The fruit is edible. Quercus salicina has smooth, gray bark and the undersides of its leaves are white. Quercus myrsina is commonly planted and has leathery leaves with grayish-white undersides. Quercus phillyraeoides grows on coastal rocky ground and has a different tree shape from the others, with the trunk not standing upright, and its fruit is edible. Its wood is generally hard and heavy and considered of good quality, and is used for ships, vehicles, implements, wooden molds, agricultural implements, carpentry tools, etc. It is also used to make charcoal, and Quercus phillyraeoides in particular is the hardest of all charcoal and is called Bincho charcoal.
→ Related topic: Tannins

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

ブナ科コナラ属のうち，特に常緑性のものの総称であるが，関東でカシといえば多くはシラカシ，名古屋付近ではウラジロガシ，関西ではアラカシをいう。日本産のカシ類はアカガシ，アラカシ，イチイガシ，ウバメガシ，ウラジロガシ，シラカシ，ツクバネガシ，ハナガガシ，オキナワウラジロガシの９種で，本州〜沖縄の山地に自生する。多くは高木で，照葉樹林の主要構成種である。花は風媒で雌雄同株。果実はどんぐりで，殻斗には同心円状のひだがある。アカガシは樹皮が緑灰黒色で剥離(はくり)し，新枝葉には黄褐色の長軟毛がある。葉は大きく厚い。名は材が淡紅褐色で赤みが強いため。アラカシは最も普通に見られ，葉の裏には毛が密生して白い。イチイガシは，葉の裏面にはビロード状の毛を生じ黄白色。果実は食べられる。ウラジロガシは樹皮が灰色でなめらか。葉の裏は白い。シラカシはよく植栽され，葉は革質で裏は灰白色。ウバメガシは沿海の岩礫(がんれき)地にはえ，樹形は他と異なって，主幹が直立せず，果実は食べられる。材は一般に堅くて重く良材とされ，船舶，車両，器具，木型，農具，大工道具などに用いられる。また木炭にもされ，特にウバメガシのは木炭中最も硬質で備長(びんちょう)炭といわれる。
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