…During this time, it became known that the nuclei of the egg and sperm combine during fertilization, that chromosomes split longitudinally during cell division, with half of each splitting off and entering each daughter cell, and that the same number of chromosomes are brought over from the egg and sperm to the zygote. Then, shortly after the rediscovery of Mendel's laws, W.S. Sutton (1902) and others discovered that the number of chromosomes is halved during maturation division (meiosis), and a complete parallel relationship was established between Mendelian factors and the behavior of chromosomes. This gave birth to a new field of genetics that combines with cytology, called cytogenetics. … From [Genes]...Such genetic factors were called Mendelian factors, or simply factors, but the term gene proposed by WL Johansen (1909) gradually replaced this term. WSSutton (1902) and others were the first to show that the behavior of chromosomes in maturation coincided with the behavior of Mendelian factors, and furthermore, in 1910, T.H. Morgan and others began research on Drosophila melanogaster, which revealed that genes are linearly arranged on chromosomes to form linkage groups, and that each gene occupies a specific site on a specific chromosome. Through such research, genes, which had previously been hypothetical, were given a material basis, opening the way for the physical study of their structure and function. ... *Some of the terminology that mentions "Sutton, WS" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…この間,受精において卵と精子の核が合体すること,細胞分裂において染色体が縦裂し,その半分ずつが娘細胞に分かれて入ること,卵と精子から同数の染色体が接合体にもち込まれることなどが知られてきた。そして,メンデルの法則の再発見後間もなくサットンW.S.Sutton(1902)などによって成熟分裂(減数分裂)における染色体数の半減が発見されるに及び,メンデル因子と染色体の行動に完全な並行関係がなり立った。ここに細胞遺伝学とよぶ細胞学と結合した遺伝学の新分野が生まれた。… 【遺伝子】より…このような遺伝因子はメンデル因子,または単に因子とよばれていたが,W.L.ヨハンセン(1909)の提案した遺伝子という語がしだいにこれにとって代わるようになった。 サットンW.S.Sutton(1902)らはいち早く成熟分裂における染色体の行動がメンデル因子の行動と一致することを明らかにしたが,さらに,1910年に始まるT.H.モーガンらのキイロショウジョウバエの研究により,遺伝子は染色体に線状に配列して連鎖群を形成しており,一つの遺伝子は特定の染色体の特定の部位を占めていることがわかった。このような研究により,それまで仮想的な存在であった遺伝子が物質的基礎をもつことになり,その構造と機能を物質的に研究する道が開けた。… ※「Sutton,W.S.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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