A recording disc with spiral grooves carved into it for playback. The name means "something recorded." The disc is rotated and the sound is picked up from the grooves by a record needle. In 1877, Thomas Alva Edison invented the first phonograph, which mechanically applied sound to the tip of a needle to cut the shape of sound waves into the grooves and reproduced the sound by tracing them. In 1887, the disc record was invented. In the early 1920s, electrical recording was invented, and in 1948, the appearance of the LP (long playing) made it possible to record for long periods of time. In the late 1950s, stereo records, which recorded music in three dimensions, appeared. Later, DAD (Digital Audio Discs), which cut the sound using a signal digitized by pulse code modulation (PCM), was developed in response to these analog recordings, and one of them, the CD (Compact Disc), is commercially available. Records have greatly contributed to the spread of music, but they also played an important role in the history of music performance by allowing performance records to be kept. (→ Record player) Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
平円盤に螺旋状の音溝を刻み,再生できるようにした録音盤。「記録されたもの」の意。平円盤を回転させ,レコード針で音溝から音を拾う。1877年にトーマス・アルバ・エジソンが音を機械的に針先に与えて音波の形状を溝に切り込み,それをたどって音を再生する最初の蓄音機を発明。1887年には平円盤のレコードが発明された。1920年代前半に電気録音法が発明され,1948年には LP; long playingの出現により長時間録音が可能となった。1950年代後半には立体的に音楽を録音したステレオ・レコードが登場。その後これらのアナログ録音のレコードに対し,音声をパルス符号変調 PCM; pulse code modulation(→パルス変調)によってデジタル化した信号でカッティングした DAD(デジタルオーディオディスク)も開発され,その一つ CD(コンパクトディスク)が市販されている。レコードは音楽の普及に大いに貢献した一方,演奏記録をとどめることができ,演奏様式史のうえからも重要な役割を果たした。(→レコードプレーヤ)
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