Lebrun, Albert

Japanese: ルブラン(英語表記)Lebrun, Albert
Lebrun, Albert
Born: August 29, 1871, Mercile Haut
[Died] March 6, 1950. Paris. French politician. 14th and last president of the Third Republic (in office 1932-40). In 1939, when World War II began, he tried to maintain French unity amid domestic political conflict and the German military threat, but was unable to exercise effective leadership. He was a mining engineer educated at the Lycée Nationale Supérieure des Mines in Nancy, the École Polytechnique, and the École Nationale Supérieure des Mines. He was elected to the Lorraine Chamber of Deputies in 1900, a senator in 1920, and president of the senate in 1931. During this time, he served as Minister of Colonies from 1911-13 and 1913-14, and Minister of War in 1913. A moderate conservative, Leblanc was elected President of the Republic in May 1932, mainly for the compromise choice that would be acceptable to all factions. As a mediator and a symbol of national unity, he was well adapted to both left and right governments, and rarely exercised political influence over cabinet appointments or policies. He was re-elected president in April 1939. When Germany invaded France early in World War II, he wanted to lead a government in exile, but he finalized a cabinet decision in June 1940 and signed an armistice with Germany. In July 1940, he reluctantly approved constitutional reforms in Vichy, and Marshal Philippe Pétain took over as head of state (→Vichy government). After retiring to Vizille near Grenoble, he was interned by German troops in Itter, Tyrol, from 1943 to 1944. After the liberation of France by the Allied forces, he recognized General Charles-André Joseph Marie de Gaulle as head of the provisional government and retired from politics. In his autobiography, "Témoignage" (1945), he attempts to shed light on the events of this turbulent time.

LeBlanc
Leblanc, Maurice

Born: December 11, 1864, Rouen
[Died] November 6, 1941, Perpignan. French detective novelist. He began publishing erotic novels in the magazine Gilles Bras in 1892, and later turned to detective novels. He published a series of masterpieces featuring the thief Arsène Lupin, which gained him worldwide popularity. His works include Arsène Lupin, the Gentleman Thief (1907), 813 (10), and The Crystal Stopper (12).

LeBlanc
Lebrun, Charles-François, Duc de Plaisance

Born: March 19, 1739, Saint-Sauvage-Landran, Normandy
Died June 16, 1824. Saint-Mèmes, Seine-et-Oise. French politician. Delegate to the Three Estates General in 1789. Imprisoned during the Reign of Terror, he joined the Council of Five Hundred and supported the coup of the 18th Brumaire. Third Consul from 1899 to 1804. Inspector General of Finances under the Empire from 1804 to 1814. After the abdication of King Louis Bonaparte of the Netherlands in 1810, he was Governor General from 1811 to 1813.

LeBlanc
Lebrun, Pierre-Antoine

Born: December 29, 1785 in Paris
[Died] May 27, 1873. Paris. French playwright and poet. His tragedies Marie Stuart (1820) and Le Cid d'Andalousie (25) were the precursors of Romantic drama. His other works include Ode to Napoleon's Army (05).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1871.8.29. メルシールオー
[没]1950.3.6. パリ
フランスの政治家。第三共和政第14代,かつ最後の大統領(在任 1932~40)。第2次世界大戦が開戦した 1939年,国内の政治対立やドイツの軍事的脅威のなかでフランスの統一を保とうと努めたが,有効な指導力を発揮できなかった。ナンシーの国立高等中学校(リセ),エコール・ポリテクニク,エコール・ナシオナル・シュペリュール・デ・ミーヌ(国立高等鉱業学校)で教育を受けた鉱山技師だった。1900年ロレーヌの下院議員に選出され,1920年上院議員,1931年上院議長となった。この間,1911~13年,1913~14年植民地大臣,1913年戦争大臣などを歴任。穏健保守派のルブランは 1932年5月,全派閥に受け入れられる妥協的選択をおもな理由に,共和国大統領に選出された。調停役として,また国家統一の象徴として,左右どちらの政権にもうまく順応し,閣僚の任命や政策に政治的影響力を行使することはほとんどなかった。1939年4月大統領に再選。第2次世界大戦の初期にドイツがフランスに侵攻すると,亡命政権を率いることを望んだが,1940年6月の閣議決定をまとめてドイツと休戦条約を結んだ。同 1940年7月には不本意ながらビシーで憲法の改正を承認し,フィリップ・ペタン元帥が国家主席として政権を引き継いだ(→ビシー政府)。グルノーブル近郊のビジルに隠居後,1943~44年にドイツ軍によってチロルのイッターに抑留された。連合軍によってフランスが解放されると,シャルル・アンドレ・ジョゼフ・マリ・ドゴール将軍を暫定政府の首長と認めて政界から引退。自伝 "Témoignage"(1945)のなかで,この混乱の時代の出来事を解明しようと試みている。

ルブラン
Leblanc, Maurice

[生]1864.12.11. ルーアン
[没]1941.11.6. ペルピニャン
フランスの推理小説作家。 1892年から『ジル・ブラス』誌に風俗小説を発表,のち推理小説に転じ,怪盗アルセーヌ・ルパンを主人公にした一連の傑作を発表して世界的な人気を得た。『怪盗紳士アルセーヌ・ルパン』 Arsène Lupin,gentleman cambrioleur (1907) 以下,『813』 (10) ,『水晶の栓』 Le Bouchon de Cristal (12) など。

ルブラン
Lebrun, Charles-François, Duc de Plaisance

[生]1739.3.19. ノルマンディー,サンソーブールランドラン
[没]1824.6.16. セーヌエオアーズ,サンメーム
フランスの政治家。 1789年全国三部会の代議員。恐怖政治期に投獄されたが,五百人会に入り,ブリュメール十八日のクーデターを支持。 99~1804年第三統領。 04~14年帝政下の財政総監。 10年オランダ王ルイ・ボナパルトの譲位後,11~13年総督。

ルブラン
Lebrun, Pierre-Antoine

[生]1785.12.29. パリ
[没]1873.5.27. パリ
フランスの劇作家,詩人。悲劇『メアリー・スチュアート』 Marie Stuart (1820) ,『アンダルシアのシッド』 Le Cid d'Andalousie (25) はロマン主義演劇の先駆となった。ほかに『ナポレオン軍に捧げるオード』 Ode à la Grande Armée (05) 。

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