Rïkov - Rïkov (English notation) Алексей Иванович Рыков／Aleksey Ivanovich Rïkov

Soviet politician. In 1900, he entered the law faculty of Kazan University, and participated in the revolutionary movement, becoming a member of the Bolsheviks. He was mainly active within the country, and was repeatedly arrested, exiled, and fled. From 1908 to 1913, he became a leader of the mediation faction within the Bolsheviks against the Mensheviks and others. After the February Revolution of 1917, he led party activities in Moscow, and in the October Revolution of the same year, he became People's Commissar of Internal Affairs, but resigned, calling for the organization of a coalition government with other Soviet parties. In 1918, he became Chairman of the Supreme Council of National Economy. From 1921, he served as Deputy Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars, and after Lenin's death (1924), he became its Chairman (Prime Minister). As a practitioner, he led the right wing together with the theorist Bukharin, and allied with Stalin in expelling Trotsky, Zinoviev, Kamenev and others, but in 1927-28 he advocated a moderate industrialization policy and was defeated by the Stalinists, being dismissed as a member of the Politburo in 1929 and as Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars in 1930. He later served as People's Commissar for Posts and Telegraphs (1931-36), but was expelled from the party in 1937 and sentenced to death at the Third Moscow Trial in 1938. He was rehabilitated in 1988.

[Kazuo Fujimoto]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

ソ連の政治家。1900年、カザン大学法学部に入り、革命運動に参加、ボリシェビキに属した。おもに国内で活動し、逮捕、流刑、逃亡を繰り返した。08～13年、ボリシェビキ内ではメンシェビキなどに対する調停派の指導者となった。17年の二月革命後は、モスクワの党活動を指導、同年の十月革命で内務人民委員となったが、他のソビエト内諸党との連立政府の組織を主張して辞任した。18年、最高国民経済会議議長。21年より人民委員会議議長代理を務め、レーニンの死（1924）後、同議長（首相）となる。実務家として理論家のブハーリンとともに右派を指導、スターリンと結んでトロツキー、ジノビエフ、カーメネフらを追放したが、27～28年には穏健な工業化路線を唱えてスターリン派に敗れ、29年政治局員を、30年人民委員会議議長を解任された。その後、郵便電信人民委員（1931～36）の職にあったが、37年に党を除名、38年第三次モスクワ裁判で死刑に処せられた。88年、名誉回復。

［藤本和貴夫］

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