King of France (reigned 1643-1715). Son of Louis XIII. He ascended to the throne at a young age, and his mother, Anne of Austria, served as regent, while Mazarin took charge of the government. After the chaos of the Fronde, he ruled directly after Mazarin's death in 1661. He favored Colbert and promoted mercantilist policies, and under the guidance of Letellier and Louvois, he built a strong standing army, making France the leading land power in Europe. He also strengthened the bureaucracy and succeeded in forming a centralized absolutist state. The famous phrase "I am the state" is attributed to Louis XIV, but his influence shone throughout Europe, and he was called the "Sun King" and considered the epitome of an absolute monarch. He competed with Britain and the Netherlands for leadership in international politics and the international economy, and fought four large-scale absolutist wars, but the people suffered from heavy taxes and economic depression, and the final years of his reign were filled with a heavy atmosphere, and critical forces also rose to power. The repeal of the Royal Edict of Nantes in 1685 deprived the Huguenots of their religious freedom and violently suppressed those who criticized the monarchy. The period of the king's direct rule was the height of classical culture, and many artists, including Molière and Racine, emerged from it. → Related topics Augustus II | Academie des Sciences | Invalides | Opera | Dutch Wars | Military band | Saint-Simon | Jacobites | War of Spanish Succession | Absolute monarchy | De Lalande | Turkish coffee | Ballet | Treaty of the Pyrenees | Palatinate Wars | Philip V | France | Flanders Wars | House of Bourbon | Béchamel sauce | Palace of Versailles | Vauban | Marot (father and son) | Mansart | Canal du Midi | Minuet | Treaty of Utrecht | Lully | Louis XV | Le Notre | Le Beau Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
フランス国王(在位1643年―1715年)。ルイ13世の子。幼少で王位につき,母后アンヌ・ドートリシュが摂政をつとめ,マザランが政権を担当。フロンドの乱の混乱を経て,1661年マザランが没して以後親政。コルベールを重用して重商主義政策を推進し,ルテリエやルーボアの指導下に強力な常備軍をつくり,フランスをヨーロッパ一の陸軍国とした。また官僚制を強化して中央集権的絶対主義国家の形成に成功。〈朕は国家なり〉という名高い句はルイ14世に帰されているが,その威光は全ヨーロッパに輝いて〈太陽王〉と呼ばれ,絶対君主の典型とされた。英国,オランダと国際政治・国際経済の主導権を争い,4次にわたり大規模な絶対主義戦争を繰り返したが,国民は重税と経済的不況にあえぎ,治世末年は重苦しい空気に包まれ,批判勢力も台頭した。1685年のナントの王令廃止により,ユグノーの信教の自由を奪い,王権を批判するものを激しく弾圧した。王の親政期は古典主義文化の最盛期に当たり,モリエールやラシーヌをはじめ多くの芸術家が輩出した。 →関連項目アウグスト[2世]|アカデミー・デ・シアンス|アンバリッド|オペラ座|オランダ戦争|軍楽隊|サン・シモン|ジャコバイト|スペイン継承戦争|絶対王政|ドラランド|トルココーヒー|バレエ|ピレネー条約|ファルツ戦争|フェリペ[5世]|フランス|フランドル戦争|ブルボン[家]|ベシャメルソース|ベルサイユ宮殿|ボーバン|マロ[父子]|マンサール|ミディ運河|メヌエット|ユトレヒト条約|リュリ|ルイ[15世]|ル・ノートル|ル・ボー 出典 株式会社平凡社百科事典マイペディアについて 情報 |
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