German machine builder. A pioneer who developed and flew hang gliders himself. Born in Anklam, Kingdom of Prussia. Fascinated by bird flight, he ran a machine factory in Berlin and achieved considerable success, after which he began basic experiments in flight. In 1889, he published "The Flight of Birds as the Basis of Aerial Art," and his work on the aerodynamic forces of curved surfaces using rotating arms remains an important source of information even today. In the same year, he began building fixed-wing gliders, which he continued until the following year, 1890, but was unsuccessful. From 1891, he made improvements to the glider and conducted flight experiments near Berlin. In 1893, he changed the flight location, conducting experiments on a hill south of Neustadt on the Dosse River, an hour's train ride from Berlin. In 1894, he built an artificial hill that still stands today in Richterfülde, close to his factory, and used it for practice. His gliders were hang-type, with the pilot holding on to the aircraft with his arms and controlling the lower half of his body by swinging it back and forth and side to side. When the aircraft tilted to the right, he would swing his lower body to the left to recover, which was the opposite of the instinct to swing his legs to the right. On August 9, 1896, he crashed his standard monoplane (he also built a biplane) glider during practice due to a strong wind, and died the next day in a hospital in Berlin. Lilienthal glid in sports throughout his life, and although he considered using carbon dioxide gas pressure as a power source, he planned to use it for flapping wings to extend the gliding distance. [Matao Sanuki] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ドイツの機械製作者。ハンググライダーを開発して自ら飛んだ先駆者。プロイセン王国のアンクラムに生まれる。鳥の飛行にあこがれ、ベルリンで機械工場を経営してかなり成功したあとに飛行の基本的実験を開始した。1889年『飛行術基礎としての鳥の飛行』を出版したが、回転腕による曲面の空気力の考察などは現代でもなお重要な資料である。同じ年から固定翼グライダーの製作を始め翌1890年まで続けたが成功しなかった。1891年からグライダーに改良を加えながらベルリン付近で飛行実験を行った。1893年には飛行場所を移し、ベルリンから鉄道で1時間、ドッセ河畔ノイシュタット南方の丘で実験した。1894年には自分の工場に近いリヒターフュルデに、いまも残る人造丘を築いて練習に使った。彼のグライダーはハング式で、搭乗者は腕で機体につかまり、つり下げた下半身を前後左右に振って制御した。機体が右へ傾いたときは下半身を左へ振って回復するが、これは右へ足を振り出したくなる本能とは反対の操作であった。1896年の8月9日、標準型単葉(複葉もつくった)グライダーで練習中突風のため墜落し、翌日ベルリンの病院で死んだ。リリエンタールは終生スポーツ的な立場で滑空し、炭酸ガス圧の動力も考えてはいたが、滑空距離を伸ばすための羽ばたきに使う計画であった。 [佐貫亦男] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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