Habituation

Japanese: habituation
Habituation

...By feeding animals, humans can remove their fear and wariness of humans, making it easier to observe them from close range, and allowing long-term observation through individual identification. Feeding can be considered a way of habituating wild animals, but it has also been criticized for distorting the ecology of purely wild animals. Today, feeding is also used to feed cranes, swans, and black-headed gulls that migrate from the north, and this is called feeding.

From [Learning]

...In addition, while the traditional view of animal behavior as being either instinct or learning was dominant, recent research has revealed that what appears to be pure learning is often genetically determined in terms of what, when, and where one learns, and this dichotomy is now losing its validity.
[Habituation]
The simplest form of learning is habituation, which is the absence of any reaction to harmless environments even in the absence of any additional reinforcement. After hatching, chicks of ground-nesting birds, such as pheasants, will initially crouch alert to any shadow that passes overhead, but will soon no longer react to the passing of a leaf or a harmless small bird.

*Some explanations of terms that mention "habituation" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…人が動物に投与する餌を介して,動物の人に対する恐怖心や警戒心を取り去り,至近距離からの観察を容易にする方法で,個体識別による長期観察を可能にした。餌づけは,野生状態の動物を馴化(じゆんか)するhabituation(人づけ)の一手段と考えてよいが,純野生の生態をゆがめるというので批判もある。今日では,北方から渡ってくるツル,ハクチョウ,ユリカモメなどにも投餌がなされ,餌づけと呼ばれている。…

【学習】より

…また,従来は動物の行動を本能と学習に二分する考え方が支配的であったが,近年の研究によって,純粋な学習とみられるものもしばしば何を,いつ,どこで学習するかといった面で遺伝的に決定されていることが明らかにされ,現在ではこのような二分法は有効性を失いつつある。
[慣れhabituation]
 もっとも単純な形の学習は慣れで,これは,とくに刺激の強化が加えられなくても無害な環境には反応を示さなくなるようなものである。キジなど地上営巣する鳥の雛は,孵化(ふか)後,最初は頭上をかすめるすべての影に対して警戒のうずくまり姿勢を示すが,やがて木の葉や無害な小鳥が横切った程度では警戒姿勢を示さなくなる。…

※「habituation」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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