Liu Yong - Ryuyo

A Chinese politician and calligrapher in the mid-Qing dynasty. A native of Zhucheng, Shandong Province. The eldest son of Liu Tongxun, a scholar of the Eastern Pavilion. His pen name was Chongru and his title was Shi'an. In 1751 (the 16th year of Qianlong), he passed the Jinshi examination. The following year he entered the Hanlin Academy, and in 1797 (the 2nd year of Jiaqing), he became a scholar of the Eastern Pavilion and then prime minister. He was well versed in classics, history, and the Hundred Schools of Thought, and was skilled in poetry and prose, especially calligraphy. He initially followed the family tradition and studied Zhao Zi'ang, but later studied Su Shi and Dong Qichang, and in his later years he became interested in stone inscriptions from the Northern Dynasties, and formed his own family. He was particularly skilled in small regular script and also skilled in running and cursive writing, and was prized for his unique style of calligraphy that was elegant, strong-willed, and full of refined charm. He was known as the "Dark Ink Prime Minister" because he liked to use thick ink to create a sense of dignity, and was revered as a leader of the school of calligraphy. He is known for his poetry anthologies "Liu Wenqing Gong's Remains" and "Poetry in Response to Order," and is particularly famous for the 30 poems in the "Learning Books Ouch" series of seven treatises.

[Hiroshi Kakui]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、清(しん)代中期の政治家、書家。山東省諸城の人。東閣大学士、劉統勲の長子。字(あざな)は崇如(すうじょ)、号は石庵(せきあん)。1751年（乾隆16）進士に合格。翌年翰林(かんりん)院に入り、97年（嘉慶2）体仁閣大学士を経て宰相となった。経・史・諸子百家に通じ、詩文をよくし、とりわけ書法を得意とした。初め家風を受けて趙子昂(ちょうすごう)を学んだが、のち蘇軾(そしょく)、董其昌(とうきしょう)を、晩年には北朝の碑版に心を寄せ、一家をなした。とくに小楷(しょうかい)に優れ行草にも長じ、豊麗で気骨を内蔵し、高雅な情趣をたたえた独特の書風で珍重された。好んで濃墨を用いて重厚さを出したため、濃墨宰相の称があり、帖学(じょうがく)派の雄と仰がれる。詩集『劉文清公遺集』『応制詩集』があり、ことに論書七絶の『学書偶成』30首が著名である。

［角井　博］

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