Liu Zongzhou - Ryu Soshu

A Chinese thinker in the late Ming Dynasty. His pen names were Qidong and Qidong, and his pen name was Nendai. He was also called Mr. Huisan because he lectured at Huisan. He was from Shanyin County, Shaoxing Prefecture, Zhejiang Province. When the Ming Dynasty fell, he committed suicide after fasting for 23 days. His actions and ideas influenced later generations. He studied under Xu Jing'an (1535-1596), a disciple of Tang Xi (1497-1574), who was a teacher of Zhan Ruoshui, and was a private disciple of Wang Yangming (Shujin), but he also criticized both Zhu Xi's school of thought and the Yangming school of thought from the late Ming Dynasty. According to him, will is not an intention that should be denied, but rather it is the master of the mind and the one that governs its operations. Therefore, he preached his own unique theory of sincerity, which states that in order to establish one's subjectivity, one must cultivate self-discipline and sincerity in will. Gao Panlong (1562-1626) of the Donglin School was his close friend, and Huang Zongxi (1562-1626) became his student. His works include the 38 volumes of the "Complete Works of Liu Zi" and the 22 volumes of the "Posthumous Edition of the Complete Works of Liu Zi".

[Hiroyuki Sugiyama February 17, 2016]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、明(みん)末の思想家。字(あざな)は起東(きとう)、啓棟(けいとう)、号は念台(ねんだい)。蕺山(しゅうざん)で学を講じたことから蕺山先生とも称される。浙江(せっこう)省紹興(しょうこう)府山陰県の人。明朝の滅亡に際し、23日の絶食の果て、殉死を遂げた。その行状は思想とともに後世に影響を与えた。彼は湛若水(たんじゃくすい)を師とする唐樞(とうすう)（1497―1574）の門下許敬庵(きょけいあん)（1535―1596）に師事し、王陽明（守仁(しゅじん)）に私淑したが、朱子学にも明末の陽明学にも批判を加えた。彼によれば意は否定されるべき意念ではなく、心の主宰であり心の運用をつかさどるものとされる。それゆえ、主体の確立には慎独(しんどく)を修養としてこの意が誠にされねばならない、とする独自な誠意説を説いた。東林派高攀竜(こうはんりゅう)（1562―1626）は彼の益友、黄宗羲(こうそうぎ)は彼の門下に出る。著に『劉子全書』38巻、『劉子全書遺編』22巻など。

［杉山寛行　2016年2月17日］

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