Liu Song

During the Five Barbarians and Sixteen Kingdoms period in China, he was the third emperor of the Han dynasty (later the Former Zhao dynasty) (reigned 310-318). He was the son of Liu Yuan. His posthumous name was Emperor Zhaowu. His temple name was Liezong. He killed his brother Liu He and seized the throne. The following year, he ordered his relative Liu Yao, the Xiongnu Huyanyan, the Jie Shi Le, and the Han Wang Mi to attack and capture Luoyang, the capital of the Western Jin dynasty, and capture Emperor Huai (Yongjia Rebellion). In 316, he captured Emperor Min in Chang'an, bringing about the downfall of the Western Jin dynasty. Within the country, he ruled the Han people through the Sirei (official governor), and the Xiongnu and other ethnic groups through the Chanyu Fu (official governor). Liu Song was said to have been cruel, addicted to alcohol and sex, and to have been the source of many strange natural phenomena. As a result, after his death, his son Liu Can was killed by his maternal relative Jin Jun, and the Han dynasty was destroyed. However, Liu Yao, a member of his family who defeated Jin Jun's forces, established the Former Zhao Dynasty (318-329) based in Chang'an.

[Shiro Sekio]

``History of the Formation of the Sui and Tang Empire'' by Michio Tanikawa (1971, Chikuma Shobo) ▽ ``North Asian History Research: Xiongnu Edition'' by Ginpu Uchida (1975, Dohosha Publishing)''

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、五胡(ごこ)十六国時代、漢（後の前趙(ぜんちょう)）の第3代の皇帝（在位310～318）。劉淵(りゅうえん)の子。諡(おくりな)は昭武帝。廟号(びょうごう)は烈宗。兄の劉和を殺して帝位を奪うと、翌年には、一族の劉曜、匈奴(きょうど)族の呼延晏(こえんあん)、羯(けつ)族の石勒(せきろく)、および漢人の王彌(おうび)らに命じて西晋(せいしん)の都洛陽(らくよう)を攻め落とし、懐帝を捕らえた（永嘉(えいか)の乱）。さらに316年には愍(びん)帝を長安に捕らえ、西晋を滅亡に追い込んだ。国内では漢人を司隷(しれい)によって、また匈奴族をはじめとする諸民族を単于輔(ぜんうほ)によって統治した。劉聡は残忍な性格で酒色にふけり、かつ不思議な自然現象が絶えなかったという。そのために彼の死後、その子劉粲(りゅうさん)が外戚(がいせき)の靳準(きんじゅん)に殺され、漢は滅亡したが、靳準の勢力を倒した一族の劉曜が長安に拠(よ)って前趙（318～329）を建てた。

［關尾史郎］

『谷川道雄著『隋唐帝国形成史論』（1971・筑摩書房）』▽『内田吟風著『北アジア史研究　匈奴篇』（1975・同朋舎出版）』

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