In Japan before World War II, a garrison was a military unit permanently stationed in one place, and garrison duty was when the military was tasked with guarding the area, maintaining order within the army, and protecting buildings belonging to the army. The garrison system originated with the Tokyo Garrison Department in 1876 (Meiji 9), but was completely revised in 1910 (Meiji 43), and its basic contents were set out in the Garrison Ordinance and Garrison Duty Order, which remained in place until the end of World War II. According to these, the garrison commander was allowed to take "measures to maintain peace in the event of a disaster or emergency," and in such cases, he was also allowed to use weapons when "a large group of people gather and commit an assault, and there is no other way to suppress them other than by using military force." This system was often used as a means to suppress popular movements within the country, and it is well known that during the rice riots of 1913 (Taisho 7), the military was deployed based on these Garrison Ordinances and Garrison Duty Orders, killing and injuring civilians. [Toshihiro Yamauchi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
第二次世界大戦前のわが国において、陸軍の軍隊が永久に一地に駐屯することを衛戍といい、軍隊がその地域の警備、陸軍の秩序、陸軍に属する建造物の保護などに任ずることを衛戍勤務とよんだ。衛戍の制度は、1876年(明治9)の東京衛戍部署に端を発するが、1910年(明治43)に全面改正され、第二次大戦末まで存続した衛戍条例および衛戍勤務令がその基本的内容を定めていた。これらによれば、衛戍司令官は「災害または非常の際治安維持に関する処置」を講ずることが可能とされ、しかもその場合、「多衆集合して暴行をなすに当り、兵力を用いるに非(あら)ざれば鎮圧するの手段なきとき」には、兵器を用いることも可能とされた。この制度は、しばしば国内の民衆運動を抑圧する手段として利用され、18年(大正7)の米騒動の際に、これら衛戍条例および衛戍勤務令に基づいて軍隊が出動し、民衆を殺傷したことは有名である。 [山内敏弘] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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