German physicist, thinker, and professor at the University of Göttingen. Born near Darmstadt. One of his discoveries in physics was the Lichtenberg figures that appeared radially from an electrode through which a voltage was applied. As a thinker, he was a successor to the Enlightenment, and in 1778 he took on the task of editing the Göttingen Pocket Calendar, and in 1780 he published the Göttingen Academic and Literary Magazine, which put him at odds with the Sturm und Drang movement, centered around the Göttingen Yearbook of Poetry, published by the same bookstore in the same town, and with Goethe. The new literary trend at the time seemed too subjective to him. He traveled to England twice in his life, and the results of his work include a writing about the great actor Garrick playing Hamlet and a voluminous book discussing Hogarth's prints. Excerpts from his "Miscellaneous Notebook," which he continued to write throughout his life, were published posthumously as aphorisms, and influenced many people, including Mörike, Nietzsche, and Musil. [Takao Tsunekawa] [References] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ドイツの物理学者、思想家、ゲッティンゲン大学教授。ダルムシュタット近郊に生まれる。彼の物理学上の発見に、電圧を通じた電極を中心に放射状に現れる図形(リヒテンベルクの図形)がある。思想家としての彼は啓蒙(けいもう)主義の後継者であり、1778年『ゲッティンゲン・ポケットカレンダー』誌の編集を引き受け、さらに1780年『ゲッティンゲン学術文芸雑誌』を刊行して、同じ町の同じ書店が刊行する『ゲッティンゲン年刊詩集』を中心としたシュトゥルム・ウント・ドラングの人々やゲーテと対立していた。当時のこの新文芸思潮は、彼にはあまりに主情的に思えたのである。生涯に二度渡英したが、ハムレットを演ずる名優ギャリックを描いた文章や、ホガースの版画を論じた浩瀚(こうかん)な書物はその成果である。生涯書き続けた「雑記帳」からの抜粋がアフォリズムとして死後出版され、メーリケ、ニーチェ、ムシルをはじめ、多くの人々に影響を与えた。 [恒川隆男] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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