A contract in which one party promises to transport goods or passengers and the other party promises to pay remuneration (freight) for this. Depending on the object of the transport, it is divided into transport of goods and transport of passengers, and depending on the area where the transport is carried out, it is divided into land transport, sea transport, and air transport. Since both aim to complete the task of transportation, their legal nature is a contract for work (Civil Code 632). However, since the Commercial Code provides comprehensive provisions for land and sea transport, there is little room for the application of the provisions on contracts in the Civil Code. Air transport is not regulated in the Commercial Code, and is mainly governed by the Air Carriage Conditions based on the Warsaw Convention on International Carriage by Air (→ Warsaw International Air Carriage Convention). Since the transport industry is generally highly public, many special laws have been enacted, and ordinary terms and conditions (→ ordinary contract terms and conditions) are widely used, so in practice the provisions of the Commercial Code are rarely directly applied. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
当事者の一方が物品または旅客の運送を約し,相手側がこれに対して報酬 (運送賃) を支払う旨を約する契約。運送の対象により物品運送と旅客運送に区別され,また運送が行われる地域により陸上運送,海上運送,航空運送に分けられる。いずれも運送という仕事の完成を目的とするから,その法的性質は請負契約である (民法 632) 。しかし陸上運送および海上運送に関して,商法で包括的に規定しているので,民法の請負に関する規定を適用する余地はほとんどない。航空運送については商法に規定がなく,主として国際航空運送に関するワルシャワ条約 (→ワルシャワ国際航空運送条約 ) に依拠した航空運送約款により規律されている。運送業は一般的に公共性が高いため多数の特別法令が制定され,普通取引約款 (→普通契約条款 ) が広く利用されているので,商法の規定が直接適用されることも実際上少い。
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