This is a group of important rock-forming minerals, with 23 types known to date. The following types are found in Japan: enstatite, ferro-silicate, monoclinic enstatite, kanozite, pigeonite, dombekaite, diopside, schizopyroxene, johansenite, jadeite, kosmochlore, aegirine, aegirine, augite, omphacite, and spodumene. Enstatite, ferro-silicate, and dombekaite belong to the orthorhombic crystal system, and are collectively referred to as orthorhombic pyroxenes. All the others belong to the monoclinic crystal system, and are collectively referred to as clinopyroxenes. Pyroxenes have perfect cleavage in two directions, with the angles between them being almost right angles, so that they can be easily distinguished from amphibole, which has a similar appearance. The basic crystal structure is characterized by a single chain of tetrahedrons formed by four oxygen atoms with a silicon ion at the center, which share two vertices and extend infinitely. Pyroxenes have a wide variety of chemical compositions and occur in many different ways. They occur in neutral to basic igneous rocks, ultrabasic rocks, contact metamorphic rocks, regional metamorphic rocks, granitic pegmatites, and meteorites. Pyroxenes often decompose and are transformed into amphibole, chlorite, mica, serpentine minerals, etc. Dense jadeite masses and pale pink or green transparent spodumene crystals are used for jewelry, and spodumene itself is mined as a source of lithium. In the past, it was mistakenly believed that pyroxene was out of place in igneous rocks, so its English name was derived from the Greek words for "fire" and "other." [Satoshi Matsubara] [References] | | | | | | | | | Monoclinic system| |Augite| | | | | [Supplementary information]Made in Canada ©Shogakukan "> Aegirine Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
重要な造岩鉱物の一群で、現在まで23種類知られている。日本で産するのは、頑火(がんか)輝石、鉄珪(けい)輝石、単斜頑火輝石、加納輝石、ピジョン輝石、ドンピーコー輝石、透輝石、灰鉄輝石、ヨハンセン輝石、ひすい輝石、コスモクロア輝石、エジリン輝石、エジリン普通輝石、普通輝石、オンファス輝石、リチア輝石である。頑火輝石、鉄珪輝石、ドンピーコー輝石が斜方晶系に属し、以上を斜方輝石と総称する。そのほかはすべて単斜晶系に属し、単斜輝石と総称される。 輝石の劈開(へきかい)は、二方向に完全で、これらのなす角がほぼ直角のため、よく外観の似た角閃(かくせん)石と区別ができる。結晶構造の基本は、ケイ素イオンを中心にもつ4個の酸素原子がつくる四面体が、二つの頂点を共有しあって無限に伸びた単鎖で特徴づけられる。輝石の化学組成は変化に富み、また産状も多い。中性ないし塩基性の火成岩、超塩基性岩中、また接触変成岩や広域変成岩中、花崗(かこう)岩ペグマタイト、隕石(いんせき)中にも産する。輝石はしばしば分解して、角閃石、緑泥石、雲母(うんも)、蛇紋石鉱物などに変化している。輝石のうち、ひすい輝石の緻密(ちみつ)な塊、淡紅あるいは緑色透明なリチア輝石の結晶は宝石用に、またリチア輝石そのものはリチウムの原料として採掘の対象となっている。昔、輝石は火成岩中には場違いなものと誤って信じられていたところから、英名はギリシア語の「火」と「他人」をあわせて名づけられた。 [松原 聰] [参照項目] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | [補完資料] |カナダ産©Shogakukan"> エジリン輝石 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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