Born July 4, 1868 in Lancaster, Massachusetts. [died] December 12, 1921. American astronomer from Cambridge, Massachusetts. He discovered a correlation between the period of variation and the luminosity of Cepheid variables. He was an unpaid assistant at the Harvard University Observatory from 1895, and became a full-time employee in 1902. From the beginning, he worked under Edward C. Pickering on a major project to survey the luminosity of all observable stars. In 1907, he began work on defining standard values for stellar magnitudes using photographic data. Leavitt devised a new analytical method, which determined the magnitudes of many stars and increased the standard scale of luminosity to 21 stars. This standard was published in 1912 and 1917. He then used photographs collected from observatories around the world to define a secondary standard series based on 15 to 22 reference stars for each of 48 "Harvard standard regions" that he had defined himself. In the course of his research into stellar magnitudes, Leavitt discovered four novae and over 2,400 variable stars. His greatest achievement was discovering in 1912 that the period of variation of Cepheid variables is highly constant and depends on their absolute luminosity. American astronomer Edwin P. Hubble and others measured these periodic light curves and calculated the distances to many Cepheid variables, as well as to the star clusters and galaxies in which they are located. (→ Period-luminosity Relationship) Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
[生]1868.7.4. マサチューセッツ,ランカスター [没]1921.12.12. マサチューセッツ,ケンブリッジ アメリカ合衆国の天文学者。ケフェウス型変光星の変光周期と光度に相関関係があることを発見した。1895年からハーバード大学天文台の無給助手を務め,1902年正規職員となった。当初からエドワード・C.ピッカリングのもとで,観測可能な星すべての光度を調査する一大プロジェクトに従事した。1907年には写真データを用いて星等級の基準値を定義する作業に着手した。リービットは新たな分析手法を考案し,多数の星の等級を定めて光度の基準尺度を 21等星まで増やした。この基準は 1912年と 1917年に発表された。次いで世界各地の天文台から集めた写真を用いて,独自に定めた 48の「ハーバード標準領域」おのおのについて,15~22個の参照星をもとに二次基準系列を定めた。星の等級を研究するなかで,リービットは 4個の新星と 2400あまりの変光星を発見した。最大の功績は 1912年に,ケフェウス型変光星の変光周期は一定性が高く,絶対光度に左右されることを発見したことである。アメリカの天文学者エドウィン・P.ハッブルらはこの周期光度曲線を測定して,多くのケフェウス型変光星までの距離や,変光星が位置する星団や銀河までの距離を算出した。(→周期光度関係) 出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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