Russian composer. Born in Votkinsk, a mining town in the Ural Mountains, as the son of a mining engineer. He moved to St. Petersburg in 1848, graduated from law school and became a civil servant, but joined the first class of the St. Petersburg Conservatory when it opened in 1862, and retired in 1863 to devote himself to music. He taught at the Moscow Conservatory from 1866 to 1878. In 1868, he produced Symphony No. 1, followed by the fantasy overture Roméo and Juliet (1869), ballet music Swan Lake (1876), Symphony No. 4 (1877), and the opera Eugene Onegin (1878), based on a novel by Pushkin. He established himself as a solid composer. From 1876, with financial support from the wealthy widow N. von Meck, he quit his teaching job in 1878 to devote himself to his creative endeavors, traveling to Europe and America and gaining fame. He died suddenly nine days after the premiere of his Symphony No. 6, Pathétique. It is believed to have been caused by cholera, but there is also a well-established theory that he committed suicide out of fear that his homosexuality would be discovered, and the circumstances surrounding this great composer's death are still shrouded in mystery. Other representative works include Piano Concerto No. 1 (1875), dedicated to Bülow, Variations on a Rococo Theme for cello and orchestra (1876-1877), Violin Concerto (1878), piano trio Memories of a Great Artist (1881-1882), opera The Queen of Spades (1890), ballet music The Sleeping Beauty (1889), The Nutcracker (1892), and numerous songs. Religious music, which was banned during the Soviet era, has also been attracting attention in recent years. The International Tchaikovsky Competition (see Music Competitions), which bears the same name, consists of four categories: violin, piano, cello, and vocal music, and is one of the world's leading competitions. Winners include Kremer. →Petipa/Rachmaninoff/Rubinstein/Russian National School →Related topics: Ippolitov-Ivanov | Ivanov | Glinka | The Four Seasons (music) | 1812 Overture | Tube Bells | Balanchine | Pathetique Symphony | Time signature | Variations | Mariinsky Theatre | Songs without words Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
ロシアの作曲家。鉱山技師の子としてウラル山麓(さんろく)の鉱山町ボトキンスクに生まれる。1848年ペテルブルグに移り,法律学校を出て官吏となったが,1862年ペテルブルグ音楽院開設と同時にその一回生となり,1863年には退職して音楽に専念。1866−1878年モスクワ音楽院で教鞭(きょうべん)をとる。1868年《交響曲第1番》を発表し,続いて幻想序曲《ロメオとジュリエット》(1869年),バレエ音楽《白鳥の湖》(1876年),《交響曲第4番》(1877年),プーシキン原作のオペラ《エフゲーニー・オネーギン》(1878年)などを発表。作曲家として確固たる地位を得た。1876年からは裕福な未亡人N.vonメックの財政援助を受け,1878年教職を辞して創作活動に打ち込み,欧米各国に楽旅し名声を高めた。《交響曲第6番・悲愴》初演の9日後に急死。コレラによるものとされるが,同性愛の発覚を恐れての自殺という説も根づよく,この大作曲家の死の周辺はいまだに謎に包まれている。代表作にはほかに,ビューローに献呈された《ピアノ協奏曲第1番》(1875年),チェロと管弦楽のための《ロココ風の主題による変奏曲》(1876年−1877年),《バイオリン協奏曲》(1878年),ピアノ三重奏曲《偉大な芸術家の思い出》(1881年−1882年),オペラ《スペードの女王》(1890年),バレエ音楽《眠れる森の美女》(1889年),《くるみ割り人形》(1892年),数多くの歌曲など。ソビエト時代には演奏が禁じられた宗教音楽にも近年光が当てられつつある。なお,その名を冠した〈チャイコフスキー国際コンクール〉(音楽コンクール参照)は,バイオリン,ピアノ,チェロ,声楽の4部門からなり,世界有数のコンクールの一つ。優勝者にクレーメルなど。→プティパ/ラフマニノフ/ルビンシテイン/ロシア国民楽派 →関連項目イッポリトフ・イワーノフ|イワーノフ|グリンカ|四季(音楽)|1812年序曲|チューブ・ベル|バランチン|悲愴交響曲|拍子|変奏曲|マリインスキー劇場|無言歌 出典 株式会社平凡社百科事典マイペディアについて 情報 |
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Year of death: September 4, 1850 (October 9, 1850)...
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