Lithops - Lithops

Japanese: リトープス - りとーぷす
Lithops - Lithops

A general term for the genus Lithops in the family Lithoideae (APG classification: Azollaceae). A member of the Mesembryanthemum family, 37 species, 56 varieties, and 180 local varieties have been discovered. The genus name is derived from the Greek words lithos (stone) and ops (face). The species is native to the extremely dry areas of Namibia and South Africa, where it grows naturally buried in the cracks of the rock floor on the southern slope of the gneiss plateau and in areas covered with collapsed gravel. Lithops are difficult to find because the color and pattern of their top surface closely resembles the gravel, and they protect themselves from being eaten by animals by camouflage.

In order to withstand extreme dryness, the plant has a pair of highly succulent leaves that store water during the rainy season and prepare for the dry season. In autumn, buds appear in the clefts of the pair of leaves, blooming and bearing fruit. The flowers are white or yellow, but occasionally red, and are larger than the plant. The growing season is from autumn to spring, and the plant goes into aestivation.

[Yasuhiko Shimada February 17, 2021]

Cultural history

The first species ( L. turbiniformis (Haw.) NEBr.) was discovered in 1811. The second species ( L. pseudotruncatella (Bgr.) NEBr.) was discovered nearly 100 years later in 1908, but it immediately attracted attention and was introduced to Japan in 1917 (Taisho 6). It was expensive at the time, selling for 4 to 8 yen. Lithops are found in limited areas and are few in number, so they were often treated as rare species immediately after their discovery, and L. optica NEBr. f. rubra (Tisch.) Rowl. was more expensive than a diamond in the early 1930s.

[Hiroshi Yuasa February 17, 2021]

[Reference] | Mesembryanthemum

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ツルナ科(APG分類:ハマミズナ科)リトープス属の総称。メセンブリアンテマムの仲間で、37種56変種と地方型180品種が発見されている。属名は、ギリシア語のlithos(石)とops(顔)の二語からなる。原産地は南アフリカ・ナミビアの極度に乾燥した地帯で、片麻(へんま)岩大地の南斜面岩床の割れ目や崩壊した礫砂(れきさ)に覆われた立地に埋もれて自生している。リトープスはこの礫砂に頂面の色彩と模様が酷似するため発見が困難であり、動物の食害からも擬態により身を守っている。

 植物体は極度の乾燥に耐えるため、一対の葉を高度に多肉化させ、雨期に水分を蓄え乾期に備えている。秋になると一対の葉の割れ目からつぼみを出し、開花結実する。花は白、黄色であるが、まれに赤色もあり、植物体よりも大きい。成長期は秋から春で、夏眠する。

[島田保彦 2021年2月17日]

文化史

1811年に最初の種(露美玉(つゆびだま)L. turbiniformis (Haw.) N.E.Br.)が発見された。二番目の種(曲玉(まがたま)L. pseudotruncatella (Bgr.) N.E.Br.)はそれから100年近くたった1908年に発表されたが、これはただちに注目を集め、日本にも1917年(大正6)に導入された。当時は高価で、4~8円で売られた。リトープスは産地が限られ、数も少ないため、発見直後はしばしば珍種の扱いを受け、紅大内玉(べにおおうちだま)L. optica N.E.Br. f. rubra (Tisch.) Rowl.は1930年代の初め、ダイヤモンドより高かった。

[湯浅浩史 2021年2月17日]

[参照項目] | メセンブリアンテマム

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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