A city in the West Yorkshire metropolitan county in the north of England, England. Population 715,404 (2001). It is a key transportation hub along the River Aire, which crosses the Pennines and connects East and West England, and developed as a market town from around the 11th century. In the 14th century, Flemish craftsmen introduced the wool industry, and thanks to the availability of raw materials and abundant water, Leeds became the largest wool manufacturing city in the UK in the 18th century, and at the same time became the UK's center for linen products and hemp spinning. As a result, the clothing wholesale industry flourished from the mid-19th century onwards, and it remains the center of the UK clothing industry today. Meanwhile, Leeds is close to the Yorkshire coalfields and is blessed with iron ore, so after the Industrial Revolution it developed into a modern industrial city centered on the steel industry. Currently, various industries such as clothing, aircraft parts, electrical equipment, printing, and leather are developed. With the opening of the Leeds-Liverpool Canal in 1770, Leeds' position as a key transportation hub was further enhanced, and it has also developed remarkably as a commercial, administrative, and cultural center. The city is home to many churches, including the 12th-century Kirkstall Abbey, St. Anne's Cathedral, and the 19th-century Corinthian Town Hall, known as the venue for the Triennial Music Festival. There are also many public buildings, such as art galleries, museums, and libraries, as well as public parks. The University of Leeds, which became a comprehensive university in 1904, is widely known for its fields of natural sciences and engineering. [Noboru Iuchi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イギリス、イングランド北部、ウェスト・ヨークシャー大都市県の都市。人口71万5404(2001)。ペニン山脈を横切って東西イングランドを結ぶエア川沿いの交通の要衝で、11世紀ごろから市場町として発展した。14世紀にフランドルの職人が羊毛工業を導入し、原料や豊富な水の存在のおかげで18世紀にイギリス最大の羊毛工業都市となり、同時にリンネル製品や麻の紡織でもイギリスの中心となった。この結果、19世紀なかば以後、衣服卸売業が盛んになり、現在もイギリス衣服産業の中心となっている。一方、リーズはヨークシャー炭田に近接し、鉄鉱石の産出にも恵まれていたため、産業革命以降、鉄鋼業を中心とする近代工業都市として発展した。現在は衣服、航空機部品、電気機器、印刷、皮革などの諸工業が発達している。また、1770年のリーズ・リバプール運河開通により、リーズの交通の要衝としての地位はさらに高められ、商業、行政、文化の中心地としての発展も目覚ましい。市内には12世紀のカークストール修道院をはじめ、多くの教会、セント・アンズ大聖堂、トリエンナーレ音楽祭会場として知られる19世紀のコリンジアン・タウンホールなどがある。美術館、博物館、図書館などの公共建築物や市民公園も多い。1904年に総合大学となったリーズ大学は、自然科学、工学などの分野で広く知られる。 [井内 昇] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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