1780‐1839 Founder of the Sikh kingdom that was powerful in the Punjab region in northwest India. At the age of 12, he succeeded his father as head of a small Sikh territory (Misr). He rose up to save Punjab, which had been devastated by repeated invasions by the Afghan ruler Zaman Shah, and occupied Lahore in 1799 and Amritsar in 1802, gradually integrating many Sikh territories and finally establishing a large Sikh kingdom in the Punjab region. While pursuing a policy of avoiding conflict with Britain, such as signing a non-aggression pact with Britain in 1809, he also adopted European military technology and worked to organize a powerful modern Sikh army. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
1780‐1839 インド北西部パンジャーブ地方に勢力を張ったシク王国の創建者。12歳で父の跡を継ぎ,シク教徒の一つの小さな領国(ミスル)の長となる。アフガンの領主ザマーン・シャーのたび重なる侵入で荒廃したパンジャーブを救うために立ち上がり,1799年にラホール,1802年にアムリッツァルを占領しつつ,次第に多くのシク領国を統合してついにパンジャーブ一帯に一大シク王国を建設する。09年にはイギリスとの間に不可侵条約を結ぶなどイギリスとの対立を回避する政策をとりながら,ヨーロッパの軍事技術も採用して強力な近代的シク軍隊の編成につとめる。 出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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