It is the language of the birthplace of the Nile civilization, and has a history dating back to around 4000 BC. No other language in the same region has such a long history. It belongs to the Afro-Asiatic family. Ancient Egyptian is characterized by a rich consonant system, a wide variety of guttural phonemes, and stressed sounds. Middle Egyptian is known from inscriptions of the Middle Kingdom from around 2000 BC. Priestly script written on papyrus replaced the hieroglyphics of the previous period. Colloquialism of the time also begins to appear in legal documents. Late Egyptian refers to the colloquial language of the New Kingdom from around 1580 BC. A demotic script was developed in the 6th century BC (Late Dynasty). "Ancient Egyptian" is also used as a general term for the above. The Egyptian language used by Christians from around the 3rd century is called Coptic, and is the final stage of Egyptian language, but by the 16th century it was virtually overtaken by Arabic, and only remains in church liturgy. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
ナイル文明発生地の言語で,前 4000年頃以来の歴史をもつ。同一地域でこれほど長い歴史をもつ言語はほかにない。アフロ=アジア語族に属する。古代エジプト語は子音体系が豊富で,喉音音素の種類が多くあり,強勢音をもっていたことが特色。中期エジプト語は前 2000年頃からの中王国時代の碑文で知られる。前代の象形文字に代り,パピルスに書かれた神官文字が多くなる。法律文書などには当時の口語もみえはじめる。新エジプト語は前 1580年頃からの新王国時代の口語をいう。前6世紀 (末期王朝) には民衆文字ができあがった。「古代エジプト語」は以上の総称としても用いられる。3世紀頃からキリスト教徒に用いられたエジプト語をコプト語といい,エジプト語の最後の段階であるが,16世紀には事実上アラビア語に圧倒されてしまい,教会典礼に残るだけである。
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