French engineer. Graduated from the Ecole Polytechnique in 1881 and the School of Mines in 1883. Became a professor at the Saint-Étienne School of Mines in 1886 and at the École Supérieure des Mines in Paris in 1901, where he remained until 1908. He moved from researching centrifugal blowers for mines to steam turbines, and invented the pressurized double impulse turbine in 1896. In response to strong military demands to prevent the loss of horsepower in aircraft engines caused by the decrease in air density that occurs with ascent, he produced exhaust turbines, which he successfully put to practical use for supercharging aircraft towards the end of World War I. [Tomoko Takahashi] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
フランスの技術者。1881年理工科大学校(エコール・ポリテクニク)、1883年鉱山専門学校を卒業。1886年サンテティエンヌ鉱山専門学校教授、1901年国立パリ高等鉱山学校教授になり1908年まで在職。鉱山用の遠心送風機の研究から蒸気タービンの研究に移り、1896年圧力複式衝動タービンを発明。また上昇に伴う空気密度の低下によりおこる航空機エンジンの馬力低下を食い止めたいとする軍事上の強い要求にこたえ、排気タービンを製作し、第一次世界大戦の末期には航空機の過給用として実用化に成功した。 [高橋智子] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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