Meeting - Giso

This position was once placed in the Imperial Court during the Kamakura and Edo periods. It began in 1185 (Bun'ei 1) when Minamoto no Yoritomo requested that Emperor Goshirakawa appoint ten nobles, including Kujo Kanezane, as Gisou no Kigyo, which was then established. The Gisou were expected to discuss government affairs and check the arbitrary decisions of the Emperor, but they did not always fulfill this function and eventually disappeared. In the Edo period, the Gisou were renamed from the Toshiyori-shu and Osoba-shu in 1686 (Jokyo 3). They always served the Emperor closely and were involved in matters of reporting and issuing proclamations. On the eve of the Meiji Restoration, when the Emperor's authority was suddenly restored, they played an important role in the progress of the political situation.

[Hiroya Yamamoto]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

鎌倉時代と江戸時代に朝廷に置かれたことのある役職。1185年（文治1）、源頼朝(よりとも)が九条兼実(くじょうかねざね)ら10人の公卿(くぎょう)を議奏公卿となすよう後白河(ごしらかわ)院に要求して、設置させたことに始まる。議奏は政務を合議し、院の専断を牽制(けんせい)することを期待されたが、かならずしもその機能を果たさず、やがて消滅した。江戸時代の議奏は、1686年（貞享3）に年寄(としより)衆、御側(おそば)衆の名称が改められたもの。つねに天皇に近侍し、奏上(そうじょう)、宣下(せんげ)の事にあたった。天皇の権威がにわかに復活した維新前夜には、政局の推移に重要な役割を果たした。

［山本博也］

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