Remarriage - Saikon

Japanese: 再婚 - さいこん
Remarriage - Saikon

Entering into a new marriage after the death or divorce of one's spouse and the dissolution of one's marriage, or after the marriage has been annulled. In the past, it was considered undesirable for a wife to remarry after the death of her husband, and customs prohibited or restricted wives from remarrying, but now this idea has disappeared.

[Yasuyuki Takahashi and Masamitsu Nozawa, September 16, 2016]

Legal remarriage

The Civil Code states that a woman cannot remarry until 100 days have passed since the date of dissolution or annulment of her previous marriage (Article 733, Paragraph 1 of the Civil Code). This period is called the remarriage prohibition period (waiting period/widowhood period). The purpose of this system is to prevent cases where it is unclear whether a child born after remarriage is the child of the previous husband or the new husband. Therefore, if a woman is not pregnant at the time of the dissolution or annulment of her previous marriage, or if she has given birth to a child of her previous husband, she can remarry within 100 days (Article 733, Paragraph 2 of the Civil Code). For more information, please refer to the "Remarriage Prohibition Period" section.

[Yasuyuki Takahashi and Masamitsu Nozawa, September 16, 2016]

Remarriage in Cultural Anthropology

Different societies have various customary rules regarding remarriage. Some completely prohibit remarriage, some set a minimum period of time after the dissolution of the previous marriage before remarrying, and some even set some restrictions or priorities for the new spouse. In general, however, most societies are stricter on women than men. In extreme cases, a wife may be expected to commit suicide at her husband's funeral, but this is often a custom limited to the upper classes rather than the entire society. An example of this is the case of upper-caste women in India, who had to mourn for the rest of their lives after the death of their husband, or commit suicide as a form of sati. In China, Confucian ethics also taught that a chaste woman should not meet a second husband, and forbade women from remarrying. A total ban on remarriage or the imposition of a period of prohibition is thus closely related to mourning, while restrictions on the person to remarry are subtly related to the kinship organization of that society. The most common marriages are levirate marriage, in which the brother of the deceased husband marries the widow, and sororate marriage, in which a widower marries the sister of the deceased wife, but the reasons for adopting either form vary from society to society. Levirate marriage is often seen in East Africa, where the widow enters into an exclusive sexual relationship with her new husband and gives birth to a child in the name of the deceased husband, so in a sense it can be said to be a continuation of the previous marriage. In Japan, on the other hand, levirate marriage is also seen, but in this case it is considered a separate marriage, and the younger brother protects the house and raises the surviving children of his older brother.

[Yamamoto Matori]

[References] | Marriage | Remarriage prohibition period | Sororate marriage | Divorce | Levirate marriage

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

配偶者と死別あるいは離婚して結婚(婚姻)を解消したのち、または結婚が取り消されたのち、別の結婚関係に入ること。かつては、夫の死後妻が再婚することは好ましくないとされ、妻の再婚を禁止・制限する風俗が支配したが、現在は、そのような考え方は消滅した。

[高橋康之・野澤正充 2016年9月16日]

法律上の再婚

民法では、女は前婚の解消または取消しの日から起算して100日間経過しなければ再婚をすることができないとしている(同法733条1項)。この期間を再婚禁止期間(待婚期間・寡居期間)という。この制度は、再婚後に生まれた子が前夫の子なのか後夫の子なのか、わからなくなることがあるのを防ぐ趣旨である。したがって、女が前婚の解消または取消しの時に懐胎していなかった場合、および、女が前夫の子を生んでしまえば、100日以内でも再婚が可能である(同法733条2項)。詳しくは『再婚禁止期間』の項を参照されたい。

[高橋康之・野澤正充 2016年9月16日]

文化人類学上の再婚

社会により再婚にはさまざまの規定が慣習として設けられている。再婚をまったく禁止している場合も、また前の婚姻解消後再婚までの間の最低期間を定めている場合も、またさらに再婚相手になんらかの制限や優先順位を定めている場合も、その規制はさまざまであるが、一般に多くの社会においては男性よりも女性に対して厳しいものとなっている。極端な場合には夫の葬式で妻が殉死すべきであるとされることもあるが、これは多くの場合社会全体ではなく上層部に限られた慣習であろう。この例はインドの上層カーストの女性の場合で、夫の死後一生喪に服するか、またはサティーと称して殉死するかしなければならなかった。中国でも儒教倫理は「貞女二夫に見(まみ)えず」を婦徳と教え、女性の再婚を禁じた。再婚の全面禁止や禁止期間の設定はこのように服喪と関連が深いが、これに対して再婚相手の制限はその社会の親族組織と微妙に関連している。よくみられるのは亡夫の兄弟がその未亡人と婚姻するレビレート婚と、男やもめが亡妻の姉妹と婚姻するソロレート婚であるが、どちらもその形式がとられる理由は社会によりさまざまである。東アフリカではしばしばレビレート婚がみられるが、このときには未亡人は新しい夫との排他的性関係に入りながら、亡夫の名のもとに子を産むのであり、ある意味では先の婚姻が継続しているともいえよう。それに対し日本でもレビレート婚がみられるが、この場合は別の婚姻とみなされ、弟が家を守りつつ兄の遺子を育てるという意味合いが強い。

[山本真鳥]

[参照項目] | 婚姻 | 再婚禁止期間 | ソロレート婚 | 離婚 | レビレート婚

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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