Cytogenetics

Japanese: cytogenetics
Cytogenetics

...Currently, research subjects include morphological traits, from macroscopic to electron microscopic, responsiveness to physical, chemical and biological factors, physiological and reproductive traits, including fertility and productivity, biochemical traits, such as pigments, isozymes and protein fractions, and even psychological and behavioral traits.
[Cytogenetics]
The last quarter of the 19th century, from when Mendel discovered the laws of heredity to when they were rediscovered, was a period in which cytology prepared the way for Mendel's laws, and therefore genetics itself, to be accepted into biology. During this time, it became known that the nuclei of an egg and sperm combine during fertilization, that chromosomes split longitudinally during cell division, with half of each splitting into daughter cells, and that the same number of chromosomes are brought over from the egg and sperm to the zygote.

*Some of the terminology that mentions "cytogenetics" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…現在では,肉眼的から電子顕微鏡的なものまでを含む形態的形質,物理的・化学的・生物的要因に対する反応性,妊・稔性や生産力を含む生理・生殖的形質,色素・同位酵素・タンパク質分画などの生化学的形質,さらには心理的・行動的形質までが研究対象となっている。
[細胞遺伝学cytogenetics]
 メンデルが遺伝の法則を発見したころからそれが再発見されるまでの19世紀最後の四半世紀は,細胞学がメンデルの法則,したがって遺伝学そのものを生物学へ受け入れるための準備をした期間である。この間,受精において卵と精子の核が合体すること,細胞分裂において染色体が縦裂し,その半分ずつが娘細胞に分かれて入ること,卵と精子から同数の染色体が接合体にもち込まれることなどが知られてきた。…

※「cytogenetics」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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