Oshima Peninsula - Oshima Peninsula

Japanese: 渡島半島 - おしまはんとう

A peninsula in southwestern Hokkaido. The area is south of the Kuromatsunai lowlands, which connect the towns of Suttsu and Oshamanbe, and the part that juts out into the Tsugaru Strait in the south is divided into the Kameda Peninsula on the east and the Matsumae Peninsula on the west. It faces Uchiura Bay to the east and the Sea of Japan to the west. An extension of the Ou Mountains, it is based on Palaeozoic strata, and on top of that are Neogene strata starting with the Fukuyama Formation of green tuff. The eastern part of the Kuromatsunai lowlands has been an area of intense volcanic activity, with many volcanoes such as Niseko Annupuri, Mt. Yotei, Mt. Komagatake, and Mt. Esan. Most of the peninsula is made up of the Oshima Mountains and has little flat land. In addition to the Hakodate Plain in the Ono River basin, there are small plains and basins along the river valleys of the Assabu River and Shiribeshi Toshibetsu River. Fumizuki in Hokuto City in the Hakodate Plain is the birthplace of rice cultivation in Hokkaido, but there is currently no notable development in agriculture. The coast of the Sea of Japan has prospered from herring fishing since the Edo period, but the fishing industry is currently in decline. Centered around the Matsumae Domain, it was the earliest area to be developed in Hokkaido, and there are many historical sites in Matsumae Town, Esashi Town, and other areas.

[Hideyoshi Segawa]

[Reference item] | Oshima Mountains

Mount Komagatake and Lake Onuma
Mount Komagatake, also known as Oshima Fuji, and Lake Onuma, formed by the damming of its ejecta. This area, rich in nature, is designated as the Onuma Quasi-National Park. There are ski resorts and campsites in the surrounding area, and many people visit throughout the year. Hokkaido Kameda-gun Nanae-cho, Kayabe-gun Shikabe-cho, Mori-cho © Hakodate City Yunokawa Onsen Ryokan Association Hakodate International Tourism and Convention Association

Mount Komagatake and Lake Onuma

Esan
A double volcano located on the eastern end of the Kameda Peninsula, east of Hakodate City. It is an active volcano with vigorous fumarolic activity. The name of the mountain comes from the Ainu word "Iesan," which means "to spew fire and flow lava." The photo shows the vicinity of the explosion crater. Hakodate City, Hokkaido ©Hakodate City Yunokawa Onsen Ryokan Association Hakodate International Tourism and Convention Association ">

Esan

Hakodate Orthodox Church
It originated as a church attached to the Russian consulate, built in 1860 (Man'en 1). In 1861 (Bunkyu 1), Russian Orthodox missionary Nikolai came to Japan and became the consulate's priest. It burned down in 1907 (Meiji 40), and the current building in Russian Byzantine style was rebuilt in 1916 (Taisho 5). Nationally designated important cultural property Hakodate City, Hokkaido © Hakodate City Yunokawa Onsen Ryokan Association Hakodate International Tourism and Convention Association ">

Hakodate Orthodox Church

Matsumae Castle (Fukuyama Castle)
This is a flatland castle built primarily for coastal defense. It was built by Matsumae Takahiro under orders from the shogunate and completed in 1854 (Ansei 1). It is also known as Fukuyama Castle. The original castle tower burned down in 1949 (Showa 24) and was rebuilt in 1961. The Honmaru Gomon gate (nationally designated important cultural property) on the left of the photo is from when the castle was built. Nationally designated historic site Matsumae Town, Matsumae County, Hokkaido © Matsumae Town Local History Museum ">

Matsumae Castle (Fukuyama Castle)

Former Nakamura Family Residence
This is a typical wholesale building from the time when Kitamae-bune traffic was thriving. It was originally a store and residence for an Omi merchant, and the main house, built in earthen storehouse style, was built around 1889 (Meiji 22) (photo). Behind the main house are three buildings, including a storehouse, inside which documents related to trade in the Sea of Japan and fishing equipment from that time are on display. Nationally designated Important Cultural Property Esashi Town, Hiyama County, Hokkaido © Commerce, Labor and Tourism Division, Hiyama Development Bureau, Hokkaido ">

Former Nakamura Family Residence

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

北海道南西部にある半島。寿都(すっつ)町と長万部(おしゃまんべ)町を結ぶ黒松内低地帯(くろまつないていちたい)以南の地域で、南部の津軽海峡に突き出た部分は東側の亀田半島(かめだ)、西側の松前半島に分かれる。東は内浦湾、西は日本海に面する。奥羽山脈の延長部で古生層を基盤とし、その上に緑色凝灰岩の福山層に始まる新第三紀層がのる。黒松内低地帯の東部は火山活動が激しかった所でニセコアンヌプリ、羊蹄山(ようていざん)、駒ヶ岳(こまがたけ)、恵山(えさん)などの火山が多い。半島の大部分が渡島山地で構成され、平地に乏しく、大野川流域の函館平野(はこだてへいや)のほか、厚沢部(あっさぶ)川、後志利別(しりべしとしべつ)川などの河谷沿いに小平野や小盆地が開ける。函館平野の北斗(ほくと)市文月(ふみづき)は道内の稲作発祥の地であるが、現在農業の顕著な発展はみられない。日本海沿岸は江戸時代からニシン漁で栄えた地であるが、現在水産業は不振である。松前藩を中心に道内ではもっとも早く開けた地で、松前町、江差(えさし)町などには史跡が多い。

［瀬川秀良］

[参照項目] | 渡島山地

駒ヶ岳と大沼
渡島富士ともよばれる駒ヶ岳と、その噴出物によってせき止められてできた大沼。豊かな自然が広がるこの一帯は大沼国定公園に指定されている。周辺にはスキー場やキャンプ場などの施設もあり、一年を通して多くの人が訪れる。北海道亀田郡七飯町・茅部郡鹿部町・森町©函館市　湯の川温泉旅館協同組合　社団法人函館国際観光コンベンション協会">

駒ヶ岳と大沼

恵山
函館市の東、亀田半島の東端に位置する二重式火山。噴気活動が盛んな活火山である。山名は、「火を噴き溶岩が流れ落ちる」という意味のアイヌ語「イエサン」に由来する。写真は爆裂火口付近。北海道函館市©函館市　湯の川温泉旅館協同組合　社団法人函館国際観光コンベンション協会">

恵山

函館ハリストス正教会
1860年（万延1）に建てられたロシア領事館付属聖堂を起源とする。1861年（文久1）には来日したロシア正教会の宣教師ニコライが領事館付司祭となった。1907年（明治40）に焼失、ロシア風ビザンティン様式の現在の建物は1916年（大正5）に再建された。国指定重要文化財　北海道函館市©函館市　湯の川温泉旅館協同組合　社団法人函館国際観光コンベンション協会">

函館ハリストス正教会

松前城（福山城）
海防をおもな目的として築かれた平山城。幕府の命により松前崇広が築城、1854年（安政1）に完成した。福山城ともよばれる。当時の天守閣は1949年（昭和24）に焼失、1961年に再建された。写真左の本丸御門（国指定重要文化財）は築城当時のもの。国指定史跡　北海道松前郡松前町©松前町郷土資料館">

松前城（福山城）

旧中村家住宅
北前船の往来が盛んであったころの代表的な問屋建築。もとは近江商人の店舗兼住宅で、土蔵造の主屋は1889年（明治22）ごろの建築である（写真）。主屋後方には倉など3棟の建物が続き、内部には当時の日本海交易資料や漁具が展示されている。国指定重要文化財　北海道檜山郡江差町©北海道檜山振興局商工労働観光課">

旧中村家住宅

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