Mammoth (English spelling)

Japanese: マンモス(英語表記)Mammuthus; mammoth
Mammoth (English spelling)
A fossil genus belonging to the order Proboscidea (suborder Elephantina). Scholars who are opposed to subdivision of elephants sometimes refer to it by the genus Elephas . Many species are distinguished within this genus, but most mammoths are roughly the same size as modern elephants or slightly smaller. M. meridionalis (or Archidiskodon ), which is said to be the ancestor of the true mammoth, is also called the "warm zone mammoth" and advanced from Africa to southern Europe in the early Pleistocene of the Quaternary Period, and then spread its range from Eurasia to North America. From this group emerged the "temperate mammoth" Trogontheris, which adapted to the grasslands and cold climate of the middle Pleistocene, and the "woolly mammoth" M. primigenius, which adapted to the even colder climate of the late Pleistocene. M. primigenius is up to 3m tall at the shoulder and lives in the cold regions of Eurasia and North America, and has traveled south to Hokkaido. Fossils have been found preserved in ice, preserving everything from the fur to the internal organs and stomach contents. They also show that the entire skeleton was covered in long, light to dark brown setae, had a thick layer of subcutaneous fat, and had thick, spirally curved tusks.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
長鼻目ゾウ亜目に属する化石属。ゾウ類を細分することに反対の学者は Elephas の属名で呼ぶことがある。この属にはいろいろな種が区別されているが,ほとんどのマンモスは現生のゾウとほぼ同大かやや小型である。真正マンモスの祖とされる M.meridionalis(または Archidiskodon)は「暖帯のマンモス」とも呼ばれ,第四紀更新世前期にアフリカ大陸からヨーロッパ南部に進出し,その後ユーラシア大陸から北アメリカ大陸まで分布を広げた。このグループから,更新世中期の草原と寒冷気候に適応した「温帯のマンモス」トロゴンテリゾウ,更新世後期のさらに寒冷な気候に適応した「毛深いマンモス」M.primigenius などが出現した。M.primigenius は,肩までの高さ最大 3m,ユーラシアや北アメリカの寒帯地域にすみ,北海道まで南下している。体毛から内臓,胃の内容まで保存されている氷漬の化石が得られており,淡褐色から暗褐色の長い剛毛に覆われ,厚い皮下脂肪をもつことや,太く,螺旋状に曲がった牙をもつ全骨格もわかっている。

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