The name of the track of East Japan Railway Company (JR East Japan). 23.9 km between Ofuna and Kurihama in Kanagawa Prefecture. Double track between Ofuna and Yokosuka, fully electrified (DC). Opened in 1889 (Meiji 22) as a railway linking Yokosuka, where the naval port was located, and the Tokaido Main Line. Electrified in 1925 (Taisho 14), direct train service from Tokyo to the Tokaido Main Line and Yokosuka Line began in 1930 (Showa 5), and the Yokosuka Line came to be used to refer to that direct train. It was the first track for medium-distance train service on the national railway. In 1944 during World War II, the Yokosuka-Kurihama section was extended with the increase in naval facilities on the Miura Peninsula, and it also functioned as a railway across the Miura Peninsula. After the Second World War, Kamakura, Zushi, Yokosuka and other residential cities developed significantly, and the Yokosuka Line's function as a commuter railroad strengthened. In 1976, with the opening of the underground line between Tokyo and Shinagawa, Yokosuka Line trains began direct service with rapid trains on the Sobu Main Line, and in 1980 the route was changed to pass through the freight line of the Tokaido Main Line, commonly known as the Shinazuru Branch Line. In 1987, following the privatization of the Japanese National Railways (JNR), the line became part of JR East. With the start of operation of the Shonan-Shinjuku Line in 2001, some trains began direct service with the Tohoku Main Line (Utsunomiya Line) via Shibuya, Shinjuku and Ikebukuro. [Eiichi Aoki and Ryo Aoki, March 18, 2016] [Reference item] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
東日本旅客鉄道(JR東日本)の線路名称。神奈川県、大船(おおふな)―久里浜(くりはま)間、23.9キロメートル。大船―横須賀間が複線、全線電化(直流)。軍港のある横須賀と東海道本線を結ぶ鉄道として、1889年(明治22)開業した。1925年(大正14)電化され、1930年(昭和5)には東京から東海道本線・横須賀線を直通する電車運転が始められて、横須賀線はその直通電車の意味でも用いられるようになった。国有鉄道における電車の中距離運転の最初の線路である。第二次世界大戦中の1944年に三浦半島の海軍の諸施設の増加に伴って横須賀―久里浜間が延長開業され、三浦半島縦断の鉄道としても機能するようになった。第二次世界大戦後は鎌倉、逗子(ずし)、横須賀などの住宅都市としての発展は著しく、横須賀線の通勤鉄道としての機能が強まった。1976年(昭和51)、東京―品川間の地下線開業とともに、横須賀線電車は総武本線の快速電車と直通運転を始めるようになり、1980年には運転ルートが東海道本線の貨物線である通称、品鶴(ひんかく)支線を通過するように改められている。1987年、日本国有鉄道(国鉄)の分割民営化に伴い、JR東日本に所属。2001年(平成13)の湘南(しょうなん)新宿ラインの運行開始とともに、一部列車は渋谷、新宿、池袋を経由して東北本線(宇都宮(うつのみや)線)と直通運転を開始した。 [青木栄一・青木 亮 2016年3月18日] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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