British composer. Born in Lowestoft, Suffolk. After studying under composer F. Bridge (1879-1941), he entered the Royal College of Music in London at the age of 16, and began presenting his compositions while still a student. After graduating, he composed music for radio and documentary films, and became acquainted with the poet Auden. From 1939 to 1942, he followed Auden to the United States, where he stayed with tenor Peter Pears (1910-1986), who became his lifelong friend. While deepening his ties with Auden's circle of artists, he also composed masterpieces such as Illuminations for voice and string orchestra on a poem by Rimbaud (1939), and the orchestral piece Sinfonia da Requiem (1940), which was commissioned by Japan to celebrate the 2,600th anniversary of the founding of the Japanese Empire. The latter infuriated the Japanese government, and its Japanese premiere was canceled. After returning to England, he achieved overwhelming success with the opera Peter Grimes (1945), commissioned by Koussevitzky, and since then, he has been highly praised as a British composer since Purcell for his operas and other works. His major works include the operas Curlew River (1964), Death in Venice (1973), Spring Symphony (1949), War Requiem (1961), and Cello Sonata (1961), dedicated to Rostropovich. Since 1948, he has been the founder of the Aldeburgh Festival. He was also active as a conductor and pianist. →Shostakovich / Vishnevskaya / Peter and the Wolf / Fischer-Dieskau → Related items Kilian | Cranko | Ferrier | Brain | Holst | Requiem Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
英国の作曲家。サフォーク州ローストフト生れ。作曲家F.ブリッジ〔1879-1941〕に学んだのち16歳でロンドンのローヤル音楽カレッジに入学し,在学中から作品を発表。卒業後ラジオや記録映画の音楽を作曲し,詩人オーデンと知り合う。1939年―1942年渡米したオーデンのあとを追って,生涯の盟友となったテノール歌手ピーター・ピアーズ〔1910-1986〕とともに米国に滞在。オーデンを囲む芸術家サークルと交流を深める一方,ランボーの詩による声楽と弦楽オーケストラのための《イリュミナシヨン》(1939年),日本の〈皇紀2600年奉祝〉作品として委嘱された管弦楽曲《鎮魂交響曲(シンフォニア・ダ・レクイエム)》(1940年)などの傑作を作曲。後者は日本政府を激怒させ,日本初演は中止となった。帰国後はクーセビツキーの委嘱によるオペラ《ピーター・グライムズ》(1945年)で圧倒的成功をおさめ,以後オペラをはじめとする多くの作品により英国の作曲家としてパーセル以来の高い評価を得た。その後の主要作品に,《ルクリーシアの凌辱(りょうじょく)》(1946年),《夏の夜の夢》(1960年),能《隅田川》にもとづく《カーリュー・リバー》(1964年),《ベニスに死す》(1973年)などのオペラ,《春の交響曲》(1949年),《戦争レクイエム》(1961年),ロストロポービチに献呈された《チェロ・ソナタ》(1961年)など。1948年以降〈オールドバラ音楽祭〉を主宰。指揮者,ピアノ奏者としても活躍した。→ショスタコービチ/ビシネフスカヤ/ピーターと狼/フィッシャー・ディスカウ →関連項目キリアン|クランコ|フェリアー|ブレーン|ホルスト|レクイエム 出典 株式会社平凡社百科事典マイペディアについて 情報 |
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