Original work - Shosaku

Japanese: 正作 - しょうさく

In the Middle Ages, this was a form of directly managed land by lords, manor officials, and land stewards in manors and public lands. The distinction between tsukuda and seisaku is unclear, but the "Teikin Orai" also refers to them together as "tsukuda goseisaku," and seisaku is included in the broad definition of tsukuda. They were set up as "upper fields" and were basically hand-made, but later on, many of them were contracted or rented out to farmers. They are also called "yosaku," and examples include "goji seisaku."

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

中世，荘園・公領における領主，荘官，地頭などの直営田の一形態。佃 (つくだ) と正作の区別は明瞭ではないが，『庭訓往来』も「佃御正作」と併称しており，正作は広義の佃のうちに含まれる。上田に設定され，手作りを原則としたが，のちには農民に請作，小作させるものが多い。用作ともいい，また「郷司正作」などの用例もある。

出典　ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典について　情報

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